Learning

Question 1

What is Operant conditioning

Answer 1

Learnt by consequence. Negative + positive reinforcement/ punishment

Question 2

What is spontaneous recovery.

Answer 2

A conditioned response suddenly reappears.

Question 3

What is generalisation

Answer 3

The conditioned response is produced when a similar stimulus is presented to the original conditioned stimulus.

Question 4

What is extinction

Answer 4

A condition that no longer appears

Question 5

What is discrimination?

Answer 5

The conditioned response is only produced when a particular stimulus is presented.

Question 6

What is punishment.

Answer 6

Punishment is to stop bad behaviour.

Question 7

What is reinforcement?

Answer 7

Reinforcement is to increase good behaviour.

Question 8

What are Thorndike’s law of effect?

Answer 8

Behaviours that are followed by rewards are usually repeated; those that are punished are not normally repeated.

Question 9

What is the flooding treatment for phobias.

Answer 9

Is a treatment why you’re exposed repeatedly and rapidly to the thing they fear and has thoughts and actually happening. The conditioned stimulus and response is broken.

Question 10

What is the systematic desensitisation theory of phobias.

Answer 10

It’s when you learn to relax yourself against the fears and move up the hierarchy. It’s a gradual move up in the hierarchy.

Question 11

What is the aversion therapy for phobias?

Answer 11

Another way that classical conditioning has been useful. They use a negative stimulus and add it to your addition to make you stop.

Question 12

What is the token economy theory for phobias?

Answer 12

There are many different ways. It is positive reinforcement as if you do something well you get tokens (primary reinforcement). If a reinforcer is exchanged for something it is a secondary reinforcement

Question 13

What is a phobia?

Answer 13

A persistent and irrational fear of an object, activity or situation. The typical symptoms are intense feelings of fear and anxiety to avoid the object, activity or situation.

Question 14

What is classical conditioning

Answer 14

Learning by association. A procedure during which an animal or person learns to associate a reflex response with a new stimulus.

Question 15

What is operant conditioning?

Answer 15

Operant conditioning is learning that takes place because of the consequences of behaviour. This type of learning was investigated by Thorndike.

Question 16

What is Thorndike’s study?

Answer 16

Thorndike’s studies involved seeing the abilities of problem solving animals. Thorndike designed a puzzle box into which he would place a cat. The task for the cat was to escape. Inside the box there was a loop of string attached to a latch. When the string was pulled, the latch would lift and the door would open.

Thorndike showed that a cat was in the puzzle box and on its first time in the box the cat was just moving around and accidentally pulled the loop to open the latch. However, after around 20 times the cat started to escape quickly. Thorndike noticed the cat began to escape very quickly. He suggested that the cat had learnt to escape from the box by trial and error learning. It was the pleasant consequence (escape) that encouraged the cat to pull the string rather than produce any other behaviours.

Question 17

What is Skinner’s study?

Answer 17

Using the Skinner box he tested out learning into rats. Rats were rewarded when certain behaviours were done by ADDING a pleasant stimulus-POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT.

Sometimes the same behaviour TOOK AWAY and unpleasant stimulus- NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT.

Question 18

What is the Pavlov study?

Answer 18

Stimulus. Response.
Ucs Ucr
food Salivate

Cs+Ucs Ucr
Ball+food. Salivate

Cs. Cr
Bell. Salivate