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Biology I > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Solution

A

a liquid that is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances

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2
Q

Solvent

A

the dissolving agent of a solution. water is the most versatile solvent know

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3
Q

Solute

A

a substance that is dissolved in a solution

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4
Q

Temperature

A

a measure in degrees of the average thermal energy of the atoms and molecules in a body of matter

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5
Q

Thermal Energy

A

kinetic energy due to the random motion of atoms and molecules; energy in its most random form

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6
Q

Trace Elements

A

an element that is essential for life but required in extremely minute amounts

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7
Q

Surface Tention

A

a measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface o a liquid. water has a high surface tension because of the hydrogen bonding of surface molecules

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8
Q

Salt

A

a compound resulting from the formation of an ionic bond

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9
Q

Reactants

A

a starting material in a chemical reaction

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10
Q

Radioactive Isotope

A

an isotope whose nucleus decays spontaneously, giving off particles and energy

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11
Q

PH Scale

A

a measure of the acidity of a solution, ranging in value from 0(most acidic) to 14(most basic) ph stands for potential hydrogen and refers to the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+)

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12
Q

Product

A

an ending material in a chemical reaction

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13
Q

Polar Molecule

A

a molecule containing polar covalent bonds and having an unequal distribution of charges in different regions of the molecule

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14
Q

Polar Covalent Bond

A

a covalent bond between atoms that differ in electronegativity. the shares electrons are pulled closer to the more electronegative atom making it slightly negative and the other atom slightly positive

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15
Q

Proton

A

a subatomic particle with a single positive electrical charge, found in the nucleus of an atom

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16
Q

Ocean Acidification

A

decreasing of ph in ocean waters due to absorption of excess atmospheric CO2 from the burning of fossil fuels

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17
Q

Neutron

A

a subatomic particle having no electrical charge found in the nucleus of an atom

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18
Q

Nucleus

A

1.) an atoms central core, containing protons and neutrons 2.) the organelle of a eukaryotic cell that contains the genetic material in the form of chromosomes

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19
Q

Nonpolar Covalent Bonds

A

a type of covalent bond in which electrons are shared equally between two atoms of similar electronegativity

20
Q

Molecule

A

two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds

21
Q

Mass Number

A

the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in an atoms nucleus

22
Q

Matter

A

anything that occupies space and has mass

23
Q

Ionic Bond

A

a chemical bond resulting from the attraction between oppositely charged ions

24
Q

Ion

A

an atom or group of atoms that has gained or lost one or more electrons, thus acquiring a charge

25
Q

Isotopes

A

one of several atomic forms of an element each with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

26
Q

Hydrogen bond

A

a type of weak chemical bond formed when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar cov. bond in one molecule is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a polar cov. bond in another molecule

27
Q

Heat

A

thermal energy from one body of matter to another

28
Q

Evaporative cooling

A

the process in which the surface of an object becomes cooler during evaporation

29
Q

Electronegativity

A

the attraction of a given atom for the electrons of a covalent bond

30
Q

Electron Shell

A

a level of electrons at a characteristic average distance from the nucleus of an atom

31
Q

Electron

A

a subatomic particle with a single negative electrical charge one or more electrons move around the nucleus of an atom

32
Q

Element

A

a substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical means

33
Q

Cohesion

A

the sticking together of molecules of the dame kind often by hydrogen bonds

34
Q

Chemical Reaction

A

the making and breaking of chemical bonds leading to changes in the composition of matter

35
Q

Covalent Bond

A

a type of strong chemical bond in which two atoms share one or more pairs of valence electrons

36
Q

Chemical Bonds

A

an attraction between two atoms resulting from a sharing of outer- shell electrons or the presence of opposite charges on the toms. the bonded atoms gain complete electron shells

37
Q

Compound

A

a substance containing two or more elements in a fixed ratio

38
Q

Buffers

A

a chemical substance that resists changes in ph by accepting hydrogen ions from or donating hydrogen ions to solutions

39
Q

Base

A

a substance that decreases the hydrogen ion (H+) concentration in a solution

40
Q

Acid

A

a substance that increases the hydrogen ion (H+) concentration in a solution

41
Q

Aqueous Solution

A

a solution in which water is the solvent

42
Q

Adhesion

A

the attraction between different kinds of molecules

43
Q

Atomic Mass

A

the total mass of an atom; also called atomic weight. given as a whole number, the atomic mess equals approximately the mass #

44
Q

Atomic Number

A

The number of protons in each atom of a particular element

45
Q

Atom

A

the smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element

Biology I (7 decks)

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