Chapter 3

Question 1

The shorter the wavelength used

Answer 1

The greater the magnification

Question 2

A measure of the light bending ability of a medium

Answer 2

Refractive index

Question 3

Compound light microscope produces

Answer 3

Brightfield illumination

Question 4

Used to see live organisms, produces a dark background

Answer 4

Darkfield microscopy

Question 5

Used to see the internal structure of live cells, shades of gray to black

Answer 5

Phase contrast microscopy

Question 6

Uses two beams of light, bright colors and appears 3-d

Answer 6

Differential interference microscopy

Question 7

Takes advantage of fluorescence (the ability of a substance to absorb short wavelengths of light), uses florochromes, bright object against a black background

Answer 7

Fluorescence microscopy

Question 8

Uses antibodies (natural defense molecules that are produced by humans and many animals In Reaction to a foreign substance or antibody) which combine with a fluorochrome

Answer 8

Immuno fluorescence

Question 9

Used to reconstruct a 3-d image, used with computers

Answer 9

Confocal microscopy

Question 10

2 photons, red light, used to excite a chlorophore, depth of 1000 mg

Answer 10

Two photon microscopy

Question 11

Living cells, sound wave interpretation

Answer 11

Scanning acoustic microscopy

Question 12

Ability of lenses to distinguish between two points that are a specified distance apart

Answer 12

Resolution

Question 13

Finely focused beam of electrons from an electron gun passes through a specially prepared ultra thin section of a specimen, viruses or cell structures

Answer 13

Transmission electron microscope

Question 14

Primary electrons sweep across the specimen and knock electrons from it’s surface

Answer 14

Scanning electron microscope

Question 15

Structures that appear as a result of the preparation method

Answer 15

Artifacts

Question 16

Tungsten probe, can resolve features that are only 1/100 the size of an atom

Answer 16

Scanning tunneling microscope

Question 17

Metal and diamond probe, forced down on specimen, produces 3-d image

Answer 17

Atomic force

Question 18

Cation

Answer 18

Basic dyes

Question 19

Anion

Answer 19

Acidic dyes

Question 20

Coloring the Microorganisms with a dye that emphasizes certain structures

Answer 20

Staining

Question 21

Salts composed of a positive and negative ion one ion is colored and known as the chromophore (basic dyes: cation, acidic dyes: anion). Bacteria are negatively charged so cations are attracted

Answer 21

Stains

Question 22

Cystal violet, methylene blue, malachite green, Safarinin

Answer 22

Basic dyes

Question 23

Colors stain the background

Answer 23

acidic dyes

Question 24

Aqueous or alcohol solution of a single basic dyed

Answer 24

Simple stains

Question 25

Increases the affinity of a stain for a biological specimen (coats flagellum)

Answer 25

Mordant

Question 26

React differently with different kinds of bacteria to distinguish them (gram staining and acid fast)

Answer 26

Differential stains

Question 27

Bacteria that retain purple dye after alcohol has tried to

Decolorize them, thicker Peptidoglycan, killed easily with Pennicillians and cephalosporins

Answer 27

Gram positive

Question 28

Loose their purple after decolorization, Safranin turns pink, lipopolysaccharide, Cv-1 is washed through thin Peptidoglycan, resistant to antibiotics

Answer 28

Gram negative

Question 29

Only bacteria with waxy cell walls, mycobacterium and nocardia, pink or red

Answer 29

Acid fast staining

Question 30

Used to color parts of Microorganisms like Endospores, flagella or capsules

Answer 30

Special stains

Question 31

Gelatinous covering

Answer 31

Capsule

Question 32

Special resistant, dormant structures formed within a cell that protects bacterium from adverse environmental conditions

Answer 32

Endospores