Transition Metals

Question 1

transition metal definition

Answer 1

an element with an incomplete d sub-shell in either its atoms or one or more of its common ions

Question 2

4 general properties of transition metals

Answer 2

variable oxidation states
catalytic action
coloured compounds
form complexes

Question 3

transition metals with different e^- structures

Answer 3

Cu, Cr

Question 4

ligand

Answer 4

molecule or ion that bonds to metals by a coordinate bond

Question 5

complex

Answer 5

metal ion with coordinately bonded ligands

Question 6

coordination number

Answer 6

number of coordinate bonds from ligands to metal ion

Question 7

lewis acid

Answer 7

lone pair acceptor

Question 8

lewis base

Answer 8

lone pair donor

Question 9

chloride ligand

Answer 9

:Cl^-

Question 10

hydroxide ligand

Answer 10

:OH^-

Question 11

cyanide ligand

Answer 11

:CN^-

Question 12

water ligand

Answer 12

H₂O:

Question 13

ammonia ligand

Answer 13

:NH₃

Question 14

1,2-diaminoethane ligand
and name

Answer 14

CH₂–CH₂
H₂N:^/:NH₂
(en)</sup>

Question 15

ethanedioate ligand

Answer 15

[ O O
^\C–C^//
-O:^/:O- ] 2-</sup>

Question 16

ethanedioate ligand formula

Answer 16

(Cr₂O₄)^2-

Question 17

Which metal ions form linear complexes

Answer 17

Ag⁺

Question 18

which metal ions form square planar complexes

Answer 18

Pt²⁺ Ni²⁺

Question 19

type of complexes with tetrahedral shape

Answer 19

often contain Cl^- ligands

Question 20

linear complex example

Answer 20

[Ag(NH₃)₂]⁺

Question 21

square planar complex example

Answer 21

[PtCl₄]^2-

Question 22

tetrahedral complex example

Answer 22

[CuCl₄]^2-

Question 23

octahedral complex example

Answer 23

[Cu(H₂O)₆]²⁺

Question 24

3 things to include when asked to show bonding and structure of metal complexes

Answer 24

lone pairs, arrows for coordinate bonds, [] charge

Question 25

geometric isomerism in metal complexes

Answer 25

2 of the same ligand
square planar (E/Z) or octahedral

Question 26

optical isomerism in metal complexes

Answer 26

three bidente ligands in an octahedral complex

Question 27

3 uses of transition metal complexes

Answer 27

Tollen’s reagent
Cisplatin
Haemoglobin

Question 28

Tollen’s reagent use

Answer 28

testing for aldehydes

Question 29

Cisplatin use

Answer 29

anti-cancer drug

Question 30

Haemoglobin use

Answer 30

carries oxygen around the body

Question 31

why are transition metal complexes coloured

Answer 31

electrons absorb frequencies of light
d electrons are excited to a higher energy level
colour seen is colour (frequencies) which are not absorbed

Question 32

2 factors affecting the colour of transition metal complexes

Answer 32

oxidation state of metal
co-ordination number

Question 33

why can the same metal ions have different coordination numbers

Answer 33

when ligands are smaller, more of them can fit around the central metal ion

Question 34

how can the concentration of dilute tranistion metal complex ions solutions be found

Answer 34

coloroimetry
make up a set of concentrations
chose calorimeter filter, opposite to the colour of the ion
plot graph of absorbance vs concentraion
find corresponding conc. for absorbance of unkown solution from graph

Question 35

meaning of terms in ∆E=hν

Answer 35

E - energy difference between d orbitals
h - Planck’s constant
ν - frequency of light

Question 37

EDTA^4-

Answer 37

ligand with 6 lone pairs, forming an octahedral complex

Question 38

Tollen’s reagent formula

Answer 38

[Ag(NH₃)₂]⁺

Question 39

Cisplatin formula

Answer 39

Pt(NH₃)₂Cl₂

Question 40

Haemoglobin structure

Answer 40

Fe²⁺ central ion
with multidente porphyrin, globin and O₂/H₂O attached