Pathoma 3:Carcinogens

Question 1

Aflatoxins

Answer 1

Hepatocellular carcinoma.

Derived from Aspergillus in stored grains.

Question 2

EtOH

Answer 2

Squamous cell of oropharynx and upper esophagus, pancreatic carcinoma, and HCC

Question 3

Arsenic

Cigarette smoke

Answer 3

Squamous cell carcinoma of skin, lung cancer, angiosarcoma of liver

Question 4

Asbestos

Answer 4

Lung carcinoma and mesothelioma

Question 5

Cigarette Smoke.

Polycyclic hydrocarbons are most important carcinogen.

Answer 5

Squamous cell of oropharynx, esophagus, lung, kidney, and bladder cancer.

Question 6

Nitrosamines

Answer 6

Stomach carcinoma.

Found in smoked foods. High rate of stomach carcinoma in Japanese.

Question 7

Naphthylamine (in cigarette smoke)

Answer 7

Urothelial carcinoma of bladder.

Question 8

What are the two types of stomach cancer?

Answer 8

1) Intestinal type (smoked foods).

2) Diffuse type

Question 9

Vinyl chloride

Answer 9

Angiosarcoma of liver. Occupational (pipe PVC makers).

Question 10

Nickel, chromium, beryllium, or silica

Answer 10

Lung carcinoma.

Occupational exposure.

Question 11

EBV cancers

Answer 11

1) Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (presents as neck mass in chinese male),
2) Burkett lymphoma,
3) CNS lymphoma in AIDS.

Question 12

HHV-8

Answer 12

Kaposi sarcoma

Treat virus in HAART

Question 13

HBV and HCV

Answer 13

Hepatocellular carcinoma

Question 14

HTLV-1

Answer 14

Adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma

Question 15

High risk HPV

Answer 15

Squamous cell carcinoma of vulva, vagina, anus, and cervix; adenocarcinoma of cervix

Question 16

What are the high risk HPV strains

Answer 16

16, 18, 31, 33

Question 17

Ionizing Radiation

Answer 17

AML, CML, and papillary carcinoma of thyroid.

Question 18

Nonionizing (UVB)

Answer 18

Basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma. Forms pyrimidine ini DNA which are normally excised by restriction endonuclease.

Question 19

How does Ionizing radiation cause cancer?

Answer 19

Generates OH free radicals. Water gets hit and generates this shit.

Question 20

Keratin IHC

Answer 20

Epithelial cells

Question 21

Vimentin IHC

Answer 21

Mesenchymal cells

Question 22

Desmin IHC

Answer 22

Muscle cells

Question 23

GFAP IHC

Answer 23

Neuroglia

Question 24

Neurofilament IHC

Answer 24

Neurons

Question 25

PSA iHC

Answer 25

prostatic epithelium

Question 26

Chromogranin IHC

Answer 26

neuroendocrine cells (Small cell Lung and Carcinoid)

Question 27

S-100

Answer 27

Melanoma (and other neural crest), Schwannoma