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My Library > Weight Management & Health Promotion Midterm > Flashcards

Weight Management & Health Promotion Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

what is adipocytes?

A

a cell specialized for the storage of fat, found in connective tissue

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2
Q

how is BMI calculated?

A

kg/M(squared)

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3
Q

what are 2 consequences of having central adiposity?

A
  1. immobilizes fat cells

2. compresses vital organs and can lead to chronic disease

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4
Q

how is BMI measured for children?

A 
percentile charts 
(babies increase BMI sharply, toddlers decrease childhood and adolescents increase)
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5
Q

what is the agreed upon accepted level of fatness in kids?

A

TRICK, there is none

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6
Q

approx. what is the percent of an obese adolescents becoming an obese young adult?

A

70-80%

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7
Q

what are the four main consequences of obesity & over weight?

A
  1. diminished health & psycho-social well-being
  2. reduced socioeconomic prospects
  3. Lower economic productivity of workforce
  4. higher healthcare costs
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8
Q

what are the 5 risks of central adiposity in relation to CVD

A
  1. increased fat cell number
  2. higher rate of blood flow
  3. elevated cortisol receptor number
  4. elevated androgen receptor number
  5. increased catecholamine-induced lipolysis (immobilizes)
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9
Q

what are the 5 risk factors for metabolic syndrome

A
  1. central adipose
  2. low HDL
  3. high triglycerides
  4. hypertension
  5. impaired fasting glucose
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10
Q

what are the 3 ways to expend energy?

A
  1. RMR-60-70%
  2. thermic effect of food- 10%
  3. Physical activity- no number as we control it!
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11
Q

what is the limit for fat storage?

A

NO LIMIT

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12
Q

what is the delbuof illusion?

A

the illusion of there being more or less food based on the plate size

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13
Q

paternal obesity is __ times more likely to result in child obesity and maternal obesity is ___ times more likely?

A

2

4

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14
Q

what is the definition of fat shaming?

A

judging/discriminating against because of their size

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15
Q

where do weight bias take place?(4 settings)

A
  • employment setting
  • medical setting
  • interpersonal setting
  • educational setting
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16
Q

what are the two pain responses to internalizing social stereotypes?

A
  1. attempting to lose weight

2. turn to food/refuse to diet

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17
Q

what are 4 assertive coping strategies

A
  • confronting perpetrator
  • formal complaints (work setting)
  • public social groups (strength in #’s)
  • asserting body acceptance
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18
Q

what are two self protection strategies?

A
  • placing less value on bias

- avoiding social interactions

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19
Q

what are four main causes for weight bias?

A
  • cultural transmission
  • media & negative stereotypes
  • belief in controllability of weight
  • belief in a “just world” and “beautiful =good”
20
Q

what is a macro level analysis?

A

government regulations (food industry, school lunch programs..) but picture issues

21
Q

what is a micro level analysis?

A

personal choices

22
Q

what is the intermediate level analysis?

A

eating environment (atmosphere) & food environment (5 S’s)

23
Q

portion sizes create________ _______

A

consumption norms

24
Q

what are three factors that cue people to overeat?

A
  • “clean our plates”
  • consumption norms
  • underestimate calories
25
Q

what are the 5 S’s?

A
  • salience
  • structure
  • size
  • stockpile
  • served
26
Q

what are the three factors that influence salience?

A
  • visual
  • olfactory
  • memories associated with foods
27
Q

what are two factors that influence structure?

A
  • perceived variety (more variety more consumption)

- arrangement of food (appears to have greater variety)

28
Q

what are two factors that influence size?

A
  • package portions have increases over the last 30 years

- increased portion size=increase consumption

29
Q

what are two factors that influence stockpile?

A
  • increase visibility and salience

- bulk foods

30
Q

what are two factors that influence servings

A
  • drinking glasses (vertical vs horizontal)

- plates and bowls (delbouef)

31
Q

how does the eating environment simulate consumption? (4)

A
  1. eating atmosphere
  2. eating effort
  3. eating with others
  4. eating distractions
32
Q

what are 4 factors that influence eating atmosphere?

A
  • lighting
  • odor
  • noise and sounds of music
  • temperature
33
Q

what are 3 factors that influence eating efforts?

A
  • ease, access or convenience
  • location of food
  • stopping points
34
Q

what are 2 factors that influence eating with others?

A
  • eating with unfamiliar people (eat less or more aware)

- eating with familiar people (eat more & duration)

35
Q

what are 4 factors that influence eating with distractions?

A
  • initiate (always have popcorn at the movies)
  • obscure(paying attention to the movie and not eating)
  • extend consumption( eat until the movie is done)
  • script-related eating (eating because of normal behaviors and not because of hunger)
36
Q

what is acanthosis negerians?

A

skin condition

37
Q

what is bioimpedance analysis

A 
resistance and reactance of electrical current
Pros: 
easy
can measure ourselves 
short testing period 
cons:
eating and drinking can effect reading +/- 10%
standing position may effect reading 
not very reproducible
38
Q

what is 3 dimension photonic scanning?

A 
high-speed digital cameras and math used to detect position of laser-light points projected onto surface of the body
Pros:
simple & accurate
Cons: 
client is uncomfortable 
expensive 
need a trainer administrator
quality of equipment varies results
39
Q

dilution techniqes

A 
Total body water changes affect body composition
Pros;
easy for participate 
cons:
expensive
trained administer
40
Q

dual energy X-ray absorptiometry

A 
whole body & regional estimates of bone mineral,  bone free FFM & fat
pros:
fast
accurate
reproducible 
regional readings
Cons:
expensive
radiation exposure 
weight limit of 182kg
41
Q

what are the two types of imaging techniques

A

MRI

CT

42
Q

pros and cons for an MRI

A 
pros:
can breakdown tissues
accurate
Cons:
expensive
uncomfortable for client 
size limitation
43
Q

what are the pros and cons for a CT

A 
pros: 
accurate
breakdown tissue
Cons:
expensive
size limitation 
radiation
44
Q

what is magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS)

A 
chemical composition of tissue 
Pros:
accurate 
Cons:
expensive
45
Q

to be diagnosised with PCOS what 2/3 symptoms do you have to have?

A
  1. oligomennorhea (few periods less than 8 a year)
  2. androgen excess (produced by ovaries & adrenal gland)
  3. polycystic ovaries (growths on ovaries)
46
Q

NAFLD what are the four stages to liver death?

A
  1. steatosis (inflamed liver)
  2. NASH [nonalcoholic statohepatitis] (inflamed and starting to see signs of fibrosis)
  3. Fibrosis
  4. cirrhosis

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