48.4 neurotransmitters Flashcards
(17 cards)
acetylcholine (50.5)
1) EPSP in MUSCLES
2) released in the synapse and binds to channels that let ions in that makes an action potential
3) AP travels through T tubule
4) lets in Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum
5) Ca2+ binds to troponin and exposes myosin binding sites on actin
6) myosin binds and cross bridges form
7) myosin pulls z line in towards m line
8) muscle contracts
biogenic amines
AMINO ACID derived neurotransmitters
-(CNS-brain) affect sleep, mood, attention, learning
serotonin
a biogenic amine synthesized from tryptophan
catecholamines
biogenic amine
-derived from tyrosine
dopamine
a catecholamine that only acts as a NEUROTRANSMITTER ONLY
epinephrine and norepinephrine
catecholamines that act as both a NEUROTRANSMITTERs and as HORMONES
norepinephrine
- neurotransmitter/ hormone
- generates EPSPs in the autonomic nervous system (PNS)
amino acids
- gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
- glutamate
- glycine
- —work in vertebrate CNS
GABA
amino acid neurotransmitter
-make IPSPs by increasing permeability of postsynaptic membrane to Cl-
glutamate
amino acid neurotransmitter (brain)
-produces EPSPs
glycine
amino acid neurotransmitter
-IPSPs in CNS (outside of brain)
neuropeptides
- short chains of ammoniated neurotransmitters
- use Signal transduction pathways
- ——-substance P
- ——-endorphins
substance p
a neuropeptide
- EPSP
- pain reception
endorphins
neuropeptides
- -analgesics
- -decrease pain
Gases
- dissolved
- local regulators
- –nitrite side (NO)
- –carbon monoxide (CO)
NO
gas neurotransmitter
- synthesized on demand rather than in vesicles
- –like a hormone
- -stimulates and enzyme to make a 2nd messenger
- that directly affects cellular metabolism
CO
gas neurotransmitter
- (CNS-brain) regulates release of hypothalamic hormones
- (PNS) IPSP hyper polarizes intestinal smooth muscle (relax)
