Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuro Exam 2 > Stroke and TIA > Flashcards

Stroke and TIA Flashcards

1
Q

A stroke in which the focal neurological deficits worsen with time

Also called a stroke in evolution

A

progressive stroke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

A stroke in which the focal neurological deficits persist and do not worsen over time.

A

completed stroke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Clinical syndrome of rapid onset of focal deficits of brain function lasting more than 24 hours or leading to death

A

stroke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Clinical syndrome of rapid onset of focal deficits or brain function which resolves within 24 hours

Amaurosis fugax

RIND – 72 hours

A

TIA Transient Ischemic Attack

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the most important risk factor for stroke?

A

previous TIA or stroke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the most prevalent risk factor for stroke?

A

hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

____ stroke is when blood leaks into brain tissue

A

hemorrhagic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

____ stroke is when a clot stops blood supply to an area of the brain

A

ischemic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

85% of strokes are ____

A

ischemic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What type of stroke accounts for 20% of all strokes?

A

thrombotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

5 classical lucunar syndromes:

  1. Pure _____ stroke/hemiparesis
  2. _____ hemiparesis
  3. Dysarthria/_____ hand
  4. Pure sensory
  5. Mixed sensorimotor
A

5 classical lucunar syndromes:

  1. Pure motor stroke/hemiparesis
  2. Ataxic hemiparesis
  3. Dysarthria/clumsy hand
  4. Pure sensory
  5. Mixed sensorimotor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cardioembolic stroke

  • Embolus from the heart gets _____ in the intracranial vessels
  • ______ is most commonly affected
  • ____ ______ is the most common cause
  • Others: MI, prosthetic valves, rheumatic heart disease
A

Cardioembolic stroke

Embolus from the heart gets lodged in the intracranial vessels

MCA is most commonly affected

Atrial fibrillation is the most common cause

Others: MI, prosthetic valves, rheumatic heart disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Artery to artery embolism

  • Thrombus formed on atherosclerotic plaques gets embolized to ______ vessels
  • Carotid ______ atherosclerosis is the most common source
  • Others: aortic arch, vertebral arteries, etc.
A

Artery to artery embolism

  • Thrombus formed on atherosclerotic plaques gets embolized to intracranial vessels
  • Carotid bifurcation atherosclerosis is the most common source
  • Others: aortic arch, vertebral arteries, etc.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Blood flow

If zero leads to death of brain tissue within _____ minutes (time is brain)

<_____ml/100g tissue per minute leads to infarction within and hour

A

Blood flow

If zero leads to death of brain tissue within 4-10 minutes (time is brain)

<16-18ml/100g tissue per minute leads to infarction within and hour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Ischemic Penumbra

Tissue surrounding the core region of the infarction which is ischemic but _____ dysfunctional

Maintained by ______

Can be salvaged if reperfused in time

Primary goal of revascularization therapies

A

Ischemic Penumbra

Tissue surrounding the core region of the infarction which is ischemic but reversibly dysfunctional

Maintained by collaterals

Can be salvaged if reperfused in time

Primary goal of revascularization therapies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Higher mortality rates compared to ischemic stroke

A

Hemorrhagic stroke

17
Q

Intracerebral Hemorrhage

  • Results of chronic ______
  • _____arteries are damaged due to hypertension
  • In advanced stages vessel wall is disrupted and leads to leakage
  • Other causes: amyloid angiopathy, anticoagulant therapy, cavernous hemangioma, cocaine and amphetamines
A

Intracerebral Hemorrhage

  • Results of chronic hypertension
  • Small arteries are damaged due to hypertension
  • In advanced stages vessel wall is disrupted and leads to leakage
  • Other causes: amyloid angiopathy, anticoagulant therapy, cavernous hemangioma, cocaine and amphetamines
18
Q

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Most common cause is rupture of ______or Berry aneurysms

Other causes include arteriovenous malformations, angiomas, mycotic aneurysmal rupture

Associate with extremely severe______

A

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Most common cause is rupture of saccular or Berry aneurysms

Other causes include arteriovenous malformations, angiomas, mycotic aneurysmal rupture

Associate with extremely severe headache

19
Q

Pathophysiology of hemorrhagic stroke:

  • Explosive entry of blood into the brain ______structurally disrupts neurons
  • White matter fiber tracts are split
  • Immediate cessation of neuronal function
  • ______ hemorrhage can act as a mass lesion and cause further progression
  • Large hemorrhages can cause ______ coning and rapid death
A

Pathophysiology of hemorrhagic stroke:

  • Explosive entry of blood into the brain parenchyma structurally disrupts neurons
  • White matter fiber tracts are split
  • Immediate cessation of neuronal function
  • Expanding hemorrhage can act as a mass lesion and cause further progression
  • Large hemorrhages can cause transtentorial coning and rapid death
20
Q

Stroke syndromes divided into 3 categories:

  • Large-vessel strokes within the ____ circulation
  • Large-vessel strokes within the _____ circulation
  • _____-vessel disease within either vascular bed
A

Stroke syndromes divided into 3 categories:

  • Large-vessel strokes within the anterior circulation
  • Large-vessel strokes within the posterior circulation
  • Small-vessel disease within either vascular bed
21
Q

Strokes in anterior circulation:

  • _____ carotid artery + branches
    • ______cerebral
    • _____ cerebral
A

Strokes in anterior circulation:

  • internal carotid artery + branches
    • anterior cerebral
    • middle cerebral
22
Q

Middle cerebral artery stroke in the _____ ______ area causes weakness or paralysis and sensory impairment over contralateral face, arm and leg

A

somatic motor area

23
Q

Middle cerebral artery stroke in the _____ ______ area in the dominant hemisphere causes motor aphasia

A

motor speech

24
Q

Middle cerebral artery stroke in ____ area causes expressive aphasia

A

Broca’s area

25
Q

Middle cerebral artery stroke in ____ area causes ureceptive aphasia

A

Wernicke’s area

26
Q

Middle cerebral artery stroke in ___ ____ causes conduction aphasia

A

parietal operculum

27
Q

Middle cerebral artery stroke in _____ ______ causes homonymous hemianopia and paralysis of conjugate gaze to the opposite side

A

optic radiations

28
Q

________is characterized by the loss of the ability to execute or carry out learned purposeful movements – disorder of motor planning

A

Apraxia is characterized by the loss of the ability to execute or carry out learned purposeful movements – disorder of motor planning

29
Q

_____ is the loss of the ability to recognize objects, persons, sounds, shapes and smells while senses are not defective and no significant memory loss

A

agnosia is the loss of the ability to recognize objects, persons, sounds, shapes and smells while senses are not defective and no significant memory loss

30
Q

If the stroke occurs ______ to the anterior communicating artery it is usually well tolerated secondary to collateral circulation

A

If the stroke occurs prior to the anterior communicating artery it is usually well tolerated secondary to collateral circulation

Neuro Exam 2 (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions