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P & P (Midterm) > Midterm old test questions > Flashcards

Midterm old test questions Flashcards

1
Q

Poultry

3 ways disease spreads

A
  1. people
  2. equipment
  3. vehicles
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2
Q

Poultry

Method not acceptable for dz resistance

A

natural exposure and recovery

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3
Q

Poultry

Acceptable feed conversion for broilers

A

1-2 ( think)

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4
Q

Poultry

Type of lymphocytes in birds

A
  • IgA
  • IgM
  • IgG
  • IgB
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5
Q

Poultry

When cleaning a vehicle

A
  • spray the whole vehicle, not just the tires
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6
Q

Poultry

Post outbreak safety for new flock

A

not less than 2 weeks

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7
Q

Poultry

Ventilation

A
  • Cool fresh air required
  • avoid re-circulation
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8
Q

Poultry

Important biosecurity measure

A

proper footbath

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9
Q

Comp animal

Priority handling

A
  1. puppies and kittens
  2. preggos
  3. young adults
  4. healthy adults
  5. quarantined patients
  6. isolated/sick patients
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10
Q

comp animal

Critical period and vaccines

A
  • continue to booster during critical period
    • uncertainty of time of decline of maternal antibodies
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11
Q

comp animal

Adjuvants (2 points)

A
  • inc duration and immunostimulation
  • cause fibrosarcoma in cats
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12
Q

Comp animal

Zoonotic diseases of shelters

A
  1. rabies
  2. bordetella (zoonotic)
  3. leptospirosis
  4. lyme dz….?
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13
Q

comp animal

Advantages of inactivated vaccines

(3 bullets)

A
  • don’t replicate in host
  • no reversion to virulence
  • safer on immunosuppressed or neonates
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14
Q

comp animal

Disadvantages of inactivated vaccines

(4 points)

A
  • requires more vaccines
  • inc allergic reactions because of inc Ag mass
  • requires adjuvant
  • shorter duration of action
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15
Q

comp animal

K9 distemper

A
  • shed in body secretions
  • aerosol exposure (primary)
  • young dog groups
  • labile hours to days
  • shed 1-2 days post recovery (….?)
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16
Q

Comp animal

Lepto vax

A
  • tends to cause anaphylaxis
    • treat anapylaxis and d’c use
  • reduces incidence and severity, not carrier state
  • avoid in min Dachshunds
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17
Q

comp animal

Core canine vaccines

A
  1. distemper (adenovirus)
  2. parvo
  3. infectious K9 hepatitis
  4. rabies
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18
Q

comp animal

Core feline vaccines

A
  1. panleukopenia
  2. herpes
  3. calici
  4. rabies
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19
Q

Poultry

Commercial broilers marketed at 38 days old, therefore producers rely on what to prevent disease

A
  1. biosecurity
  2. vaccines
  3. maternal antibodies

*Not natural field exposure (no time for this)

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20
Q

Poultry

List types of vaccines in order from most to least resonse

A
  1. Fine spray
  2. Coarse spray
  3. eye drops
  4. water
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21
Q

Poultry

spread of disease to poultry farms not by

A

wind/airborne

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22
Q

Poultry

When visiting several broiler flocks in one day it’s important to

A
  1. consider even healthy appearing flocks diseased
  2. shedule visits to young flocks first

*DO NOT BYPASS FOOT BATHS EVER

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23
Q

Poultry

Correct biosecurity practices

A
  1. improve ventilation to reduce loss from disease
  2. footbaths
  3. downtime (between successive flock visits)

*Vehicles may not be driven onto premises if ONLY tires are disinfected

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24
Q

Poultry

Vaccination procedures….

A
  1. Vaccines may be administered by several different routes including in ovo, spray, eye drop, wing web, water
  2. Vaccination programs vary significantly from farm to farm, even within a state
  3. Breeder vaccinations are more complete to protect progeny and fertile eggs

*Broilers DO need to be vaccinated even tho they only live a short period of time (IBD, IBV, NDV in the US)

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25
Q

Poultry

Cannabalism can be controlled by

A
  1. trimming tip of beak
  2. reducing light intensity
  3. reducing placement density
  4. increasing protein levels in feed

*Increasing body weight of flock DOES NOT reduce cannabalism

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26
Q

Poultry

Disease prevention in broiler production is the goal because

A

broiler lifespan is short and doesn’t permit time for recovery

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27
Q

Poultry

Susceptibility to an infectious disease depends on

A
  1. resistance of the bird
  2. virulence of dz organism
  3. dosage of organism to which bird is exposed (biosecurity)

*DOES NOT depend on environmental humidity

28
Q

comp animal

The critical period for susceptibility for young animals is

A

time between waning maternal antibodies and active immunity

29
Q

Comp animal

Feline upper respiratory dz

A
  • cage fronts should be at least 4 feet apart to prevent transmission
  • vaccination begins at 6-8 weeks and repeated every 2-4 weeks until 12-14 weeks of age
  • unwashed hands are primary fomite for transmission

* Recovery from infection DOES NOT result in lifetime immunity

30
Q

Comp animal

Kennel cough

A
  1. using intranasal parainfluencza/bordetella vaccine stimulates local IgA and avoids problems with maternal antibody interference
  2. Kennel ventilation of 12-15 air exchange per hour helps reduce tx of dz
  3. kennel cough can be caused by several organisms that can include CAV-2 and canine distemper

*When vaccinating dogs less than 5 lbs you SHOULD NOT use only 1/2 the total dose of vaccine

31
Q

Comp animal

High-titer (attenuated vaccines)

A
  • this vaccine overrides maternal antibodies sooner than the conventional parvo virus vaccines
  • most dogs are protected by 12-16 weeks of age
  • vaccine has 100-fold more parvo virus than conventional vaccines

*false answer: Vaccine should only be given to dogs at least 16 weeks old

32
Q

Comp animal

Kennel Cough

A
  • using an intranasal parainfluenza/bordetella vaccine stimulates local IgA and avoids problems with maternal antibody interference

*Parental parainfluenza virus vaccine DOES NOT protect against virus shedding as well as clinical dz

33
Q

Comp animal

vax most likely responsible for an immediate hypersensitivity rxn with anaphylaxis and/or an urticarial reaction

A

Leptospirosis bacterin vaccine

34
Q

Comp animal

Feline leukemia virus vaccine

A
  • Only high risk outdoor cats should be vaccinated
  • bites are the primary method of transmission of FeLV virus (oronasal)
  • FeLV vaccinated cats will test positive on an Elisa test but not an IFA test

*FeLV neg cats CANNOT be vaccinated at < 9 weeks boostered in 3-4 weeks

35
Q

Poultry

Flies and dz control

A
  • flies are NOT responsible for transmitting dz between poultry farms as far as 8 miles apart
36
Q

Poultry

Correct order of US per-capital meat consumption from most to least

A
  • chicken
  • beef
  • pork
  • fish
37
Q

Poultry

Coccidiosis

A
  • common intestinal parasite
  • controlled by drugs and vaccines
  • exposure of young chickens to small amounts of sprayed oocyts
38
Q

Poultry

Can’t read question but correct answers are all of the above

A
  • acute, highly contagious virus with respiratory signs, renal disease and decreased egg production
    • nephrotoxic strain associated with high mortality
  • Paired acute and convalescent serum can be useful in showing immune response
  • PCR to ID
  • MLV vaccine must contain serotype of virus in the area
39
Q

Poultry

Fowl pox

A
  • Cutaneous form is prodominant in most outbreaks
  • Diptheric form affects upper respiratory or digestive tract
  • Intracytoplasmic inclusions
  • prevented by vaccines
    • mosquitos and direct contact can spread the virus
40
Q

Poultry

Ascites in chickens

A
  • metabolic disease
  • caused by poor genetics
  • can be controlled by good management practices

*NOT CAUSED by E. Coli

41
Q

Dairy

Group syndrome

A

collection of diseases with a common characteristic (the major sign)

42
Q

Dairy

3 requirements of dairy calf housing

A
  1. clean and dry
  2. good ventilation
  3. Prevention of calf to calf contact
43
Q

Dairy

Serum total protein that indicates failure of passive transfer

A

< 50g/L

44
Q

Dairy

Two most important variables involved in a successful colostrum management program

A
  1. Time at which colostrum is administered
  2. amount of colostrum fed to neonatal calf
45
Q

Dairy

Blitz treatment

A
  • Treatment for strep ag positive animals only
    • Post-milking teat disinfection
    • Dry cow Ab therpy
    • Tx of ALL STREP AG POSITIVE 1/4s
46
Q

Dairy

95% of all mastitis is due to

A
  • strep ag
  • staph aureus
  • strep uberis
  • strep dysgalactia
  • coloforms
47
Q

Dairy

Environmental stress in dairy cattle

A
  • cattle susceptible to head stress since they don’t sweat
48
Q

Dairy

Heat stress and reproductive performance

A
  • Estrus periods inc in length but behavoiral signs are less intense making heat detection difficult
49
Q

Beef

Acceptable goals between two bovine managers can be explained by

A
  1. nutritional resources
  2. product marketing
  3. production environment
  4. production cycle

*NOT reproductive physiology

50
Q

Beef

Potential disease challenges

A
  1. Subclinical herd disease
  2. Reproductive and fetal-development disease
  3. Survival and development disease
  4. Neonatal disease

*NOT chronic wasting disease

51
Q

Beef

What info can generally be found on vaccine label?

A
  1. dosage, route of admin
  2. storage and disposal
  3. warnings and indications
  4. shelf life and withdrawel period

*Half-life and chemical structure generally NOT found on vaccine label

52
Q

Beef

When selecting a site for injection good rule of thumb

A
  • select a site least apt to cause tissue damage
53
Q

Beef

Disinfectant on syringes may cause

A
  • inactivation of modified live vaccines
54
Q

Beef

To obtain highest possible price for calves producers must produce calves that are

A
  • healthy and stay healthy
55
Q

Beef

A healthy animal/herd exists when

A
  • resistence levels of the animals remains above disease challenge level
56
Q

Beef

Using MLV in cattle under 4 months old

A

may be neutralized by maternal antibody, leaving the calf susceptible

57
Q

Comp animal

Immunoprphylaxis

A

enhance specific immune response to protect animal from dz

58
Q

Comp animal

Vacc does not equal immunity b/c

A
  • host vactors
  • vaccine factors
  • human factors
59
Q

Comp animal

Which vacc has highest risk of inducing fibrosarc in cats?

A

Killed product with high amount of adjuvant and Ag

ie: rabies vaccine

60
Q

comp animal

MLV advantages (5)

A
  1. replicate in host
  2. rapid protection
  3. lwr antigen mass = less rxn
  4. longer immunity
  5. better stim of CMI
61
Q

Comp animal

MLV disadvantages (2)

A
  1. reversion to virulence
  2. immunosuppresion
62
Q

Comp animal

Killed vax advantages (2)

A
  1. no replication in host
  2. no reversion to virulence
63
Q

Comp animal

Killed vx disadvantages (4)

A
  • > allergic rxn
  • requires adjuvant
  • shorter duration of immunity
  • requires > # boosters
64
Q

Comp animal

Why do feline Herpes and Calici virus vaxes not work well?

A
  • Only lessens clinical signs (doesn’t prevent disease)
65
Q

Comp animal

How is canine distemper transmitted

A
  • primary secretions = aerosol
  • virus sheds 1-2 weeks post CS

P & P (Midterm) (8 decks)

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