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RUSVM Clinical Pathology > Blood Transfusions > Flashcards

Blood Transfusions Flashcards

1
Q

Macroscopic crossmatch look for

A

Hemolysis

Agglutination

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2
Q

Platelet Rich Plasma

A

Severe thrombocytopenia → chemotherapy

Severe thrombopathia → inherited disorders

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3
Q

Interpretation of a negative crossmatch

A

No agglutination or hemolysis

Recipient is not likely to have transfusion reaction

Transfuse

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4
Q

Clinical signs of Delayed Hemolytic Immune Mediated Reaction

A

Icterus, Hyperbilirubinemia, Hyperbiliruninuria

Fever

Anorexia

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5
Q

Which equine blood systems are implicated in neonatal isoerythrolysis

A

Aa and Qa

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6
Q

Feline Type A

A

Most common

Weak isoantibodies against type B

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7
Q

Crossmatching

A

Identifies antibodies against RBC antigens in the plasma of the recipient or donor

Ensures optimal survival of transfused RBCs and of the patient

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8
Q

Feline Type B

A

Less common

Strong natural isoantibodies against Type A

Severe and lethal transfusion reactions when given type A

Risk for neonatal isoerythrolysis

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9
Q

Delayed Hemolytic Immune Mediated reaction

A

Extravascular Hemolysis

Mild reaction

>24 hours up to 2-3 weeks post transfusion

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10
Q

Agglutination in blood typing is a (positive/negative) reaction

A

Positive

_____________________

Agglutination = blood type of patient

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11
Q

Non-Immunogenic DEA types

A

DEA 4 and DEA 6

_______________________________

Universal Donors

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12
Q

Types of transfusion reactions

A

Immune Mediated

Non Immune Mediated

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13
Q

Feline Blood Systems

A

AB Group System

Mik System

___________________________________________

All cats will carry an antigen from the AB blood group and most carry an MIK antigen

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14
Q

Blood typing identifies a specific RBC

A

Antigen

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15
Q

Crossmatching in horses differs from small animals in that

A

Horses have both agglutinating and hemolytic antibodies:

Crossmatch agglutination test

Hemolytic detection test - to detect exogenous complement (Positive result=hemolysis)

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16
Q

Minor Crossmatch

A

Patient RBC + donor serum

Rarely performed

Transfused serum is low volume compared to the patients serum; therefore not enough antibodies present to cause significant issues

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17
Q

Breed of dogs that are at risk for acute and delayed onset of hemolytic transfusion reactions

A

Dalmations

18
Q

Acute Hemolytic Immune Mediated Reaction

A

Intravascular hemolyisis

Severe Reactions

Can lead to DIC, Hypotension, Shock, Acute Renal Failure, Death

19
Q

Antiserum

A

Reagent used in blood typing

20
Q

Whole Blood

A

Need to replace RBC and plasma

Severe hemorrhage

21
Q

Interpretation of a positive crossmatch

A

Agglutination or hemolysis are detected

Recipient at risk for transfusion reaction

DO NOT TRANSFUSE

22
Q

Dog Erythrocyte Antigen (DEA) Blood System

A

Single antigen per blood type

7 DEA blood types

23
Q

T/F: Equine, ruminants and camelids have pre-existing isoantibodies against erythrocytes

A

False

________________________

Very rarely they do

24
Q

Transfusion products

A

Packed RBC

Whole Blood

Fresh Frozen Plasma

Platelet-Rich Plasma

25
Q

Non Hemolytic Imune Mediated Reaction

A

Febrile and Allergic Reactions

Common with plasma transfusions

Occurs within 15 minutes to a few hours

26
Q

Feline Type AB

A

Very rare

Usually only purebred cats

Universial Recipients

27
Q

Two major blood groups in canines

A

DEA blood system

Dal blood system

28
Q

Packed Red Blood Cells

A

Need to replace RBCs only d/t:

Erythrocyte destruction

Decreased RBC production

29
Q

What are the clinical signs of hypoxia

A

Increased HR, RR

Poor pulse quality

Abnormal BP

Lethargy

Weakness

Decreased appetite

30
Q

Dal Blood System

A

Single Antigen

Dalmations - some lack Dal antigen others have Dal isoantibody

31
Q

Clinical Signs of Non Hemolytic Immune Mediated Reactions

A

Nausea, Vomiting, Diarrhea, Abdominal Pain

Tremors

Uticaria, Pruritis, Erythema

32
Q

Major Crossmatch

A

Patient Serum + Donor RBC

Final check of compatibility between a patient and a donor prior to transfusion

33
Q

Highly Immunogenic DEA types

A

DEA 1.1 and DEA 1.2

________________________

Incite strong agglutination and hemolysis

34
Q

If you transfuse a type B cat with type A blood, you can expect

A

Severe reaction. Type B cats have strong isoantibodies against Type A blood

35
Q

Clinical signs of Acute Hemolytic Immune Mediated Reactions

A

Hemoglobinemia and hemoglobinuria

Anemia

Hypoxia

Vomiting, Pyrexia

36
Q

Indications for transfusion therapy

A

Acute and severe anemia

Clinical signs of hypoxia

37
Q

Why are greyhounds good blood donors?

A

BIG dogs

High PCV

Most are DEA 1.1 negative

>50% are universal donors

38
Q

Fresh Frozen Plasma

A

Need to replace plasma

Clotting factor deficiencies

Hypoproteinemia

39
Q

A positive crossmatch results in

A

Agglutination

___________________________

Do not transfuse!

40
Q

When should you cross match for a blood transfusion in a cat?

A

ALWAYS

41
Q

When should you crossmatch for a blood transfusion in large animals?

A

Repeated transfusions

Plasma transfusions

RUSVM Clinical Pathology (22 decks)

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