Abnormal Mood: Depressed Mood Flashcards
what is the epidemiology of depression
around 5 percent of men and 10 percent of woman will have depressive episode in any one year
how does physical illness relate to depression
bidirectional relationship
those with a chronic illness have 2-3 times higher rates of depression
- patients with depression have a five to ten years reduced life exectancy
What is the diagnostic criteria for depression
Symtoms last for at least 2 weeks. At least 2 core symptoms of -low mood -anhedonia -anergia
what additional symptoms can occur in depression
- loss of self confidence
- self reproach/guilt
- thoughts of death and suicide
- reduced concentration, pseudodementia
- change in psychomotor activity
- sleep disturbance
- change in appetite
- coexisting anxiety/panics
- in severe forms psychosis and diurnal variation may be present
How is the severity of depression classified
Mild- 2 core plus others =4
Moderate 2 core plus others=6
Severe- 3 core plus others =8 (with to without psychotic symptoms
What is ‘somatic syndrome’
Four of the followinf: Loss of interest/pleasure weight loss Psychomotor retardation/agitation Lack of emotional response loss of libido loss of appetite early morning wakening diurnal variation
In terms of the MSE, how may a depressed persons speech be?
reduced rate, lower pitch, reduced volume, monotone, speech latency, limited content
What may a depressed persons thought content be
negative obsessions ruminations death thoughts or guilt delusions are usually mood congruent ie nihilistic, hypochondriasis
What are the most common types of delusions in depression
Any modality but usually auditory
Second person
derogatory
Illusions also common
What kind of cognition problems can occur
Slow thinking, poor memory, deficits in working memory, planning and attention
pseudodementia
What is the insight of a person with depression typically like
usually preserved
recognistion of symptoms normally intact
can be lost in severe depression
What is recurrent depression
repeated episode of depression of any severity
no evidence of mania or hypomania ie not bipolar
What is mixed anxiety and depression
Symptoms of anxiety and depression but neither are significant enough to justify individual diagnosis
What is dysthymia
chronic low mood (does not fill depression criteria)
usually able to cope with lifes demands
tired and depressed for months at a time
how does depression present In elderly
can present as pseudodementia
passive thoughts of death common
suicide uncommon
