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DMD 5247 > Blood Vessel Anatomy > Flashcards

Blood Vessel Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

arteries

A

transport blood away from the heart
carry oxygen rich blood in the systemic circuit
oxygen poor blood in the pulmonary circuit and umbilical arteries

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2
Q

anastomosis

A

two or more arteries converge to supply the same body region

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3
Q

capillaries

A

location of gas and nutrient exchange between blood and tissues

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4
Q

veins

A

transport blood towards the heart
carry oxygen poor blood in the systemic circuit
carry oxygen rich blood in the pulmonary circuit and the umbilical vein

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5
Q

tunica intima

A

simple squamous epithelium

endothelium

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6
Q

tunica media

A

circularly arranged smooth muscle fibers

location of vasodilation and vasoconstriction

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7
Q

tunica externa

A

collagen and elastic fibers

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8
Q

which layer is thickest in the arteries

A

tunica media

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9
Q

what is the only layer present in capillaries and what is one unique feature

A

tunica intima

-allow rapid gas exchange

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10
Q

which layer is thickest in the veins

A

tunica externa

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11
Q

do the veins have a smaller tunica media than arteries

A

yes

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12
Q

what structure is unique to veins

A

valves

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13
Q

elastic arteries

A

largest arteries
conducting arteries
high elastin content
aorta and its major branches

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14
Q

conducting arteries

A

between heart and muscular arteries

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15
Q

high elastin content

A

stretch and recoil to dampen blood pressure changes resulting from contractions of heart

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16
Q

aorta and its major branches

A

brachiocephalic
common carotid
subclavian
common iliac arteries

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17
Q

muscular arteries

A

distributing arteries
thick tunica media
diameter of lumen changes to regulate amount of blood flow to organs

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18
Q

distributing arteries

A

distribute blood to the body organs

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19
Q

muscular arteries commonly seen in lab

A

brachial
coronary
inferior mesenteric arteries

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20
Q

arterioles

A

primary resistance vessels
diameter is regulated by
-local tissue factors
-sympathetic nervous system

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21
Q

capillaries

A

smallest vessels
endothelium only
gas, nutrient, and waste exchange

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22
Q

venules

A
  • smallest veins

- primary location of diapedesis

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23
Q

continuous capillary

A
  • most common type

- muscle, skin, thymus, lungs, and the CNS

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24
Q

fenestrated capillary

A

small intestine, most endocrine glands, kidneys

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25
Q

sinusoid capillary

A

bone marrow, spleen, liver

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26
Q

veins

A
  • return blood to the heart
  • act as a blood reservoir
  • walls of veins are thinner than those of comparable arteries
  • low blood pressure in veins
  • most veins contain valves
  • skeletal muscle contractions help pump blood toward the heart
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27
Q

what do valves do

A

prevent backflow of blood

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28
Q

varicose veins

A

dysfunctional valves leads to blood pooling in the superficial limb veins

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29
Q

what are some causes of the dysfunctional valves present in the varicose vein condition

A
  • genetic predisposition
  • aging
  • strain that inhibits venous return
30
Q

hemorrhoids

A

varicose veins of the anorectal region caused by increased intra-abdominal pressure

31
Q

fetal circulation

A

umbilical cord
ductus venosus
foramen ovale
ductus arteriosus

32
Q

umbilical cord contains:

A

2 umbilical arteries and 1 umbilical vein

33
Q

ductus venosus

A

-takes blood from umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava

keeps it away from the liver

34
Q

foramen ovale

A

diverts blood from the right atrium to the left atrium

bypassing the immature lungs

35
Q

ductus arteriosus

A

diverts blood from the pulmonary trunk to the aortic arch

bypassing the immature lungs

36
Q

arterial blood pressure

A

100 mmHg at the entrance to the aorta

35 mm Hg at the start of a capillary network

37
Q

capillary hydrostatic pressure

A

pressure within capillary walls

35 mm Hg at the beginning and 18 mm hG at the end

38
Q

venous pressure

A

pressure within the venous system

18 mm Hg to 2 mm Hg

39
Q

Total peripheral resistence

A
  • vascular resistance
  • blood viscosity
  • turbulence
40
Q

vascular resistance

A

-friction between blood and vessel walls

41
Q

2 major components of vascular resistance

A
  • vessel length

- vessel diameter

42
Q

blood closest to the center or the vessel or the vessel wall encounters the most friction?

A

near the wall

43
Q

what increases blood viscosity and what decreases blood viscosity

A

polycythemia increases blood viscosity and anemia decreases blood viscosity

44
Q

turbulence is caused by

A

high flow rates
irregular surfaces
sudden changes in vessel diameter

45
Q

turbulence creates

A

eddies and swirls

46
Q

turbulence most commonly occurs

A

between atria and ventricles
between ventricles and aortic/pulmonary trunks
atherosclerotic plaque

47
Q

pulse pressure

A

difference between systolic and diastolic pressure

48
Q

mean arterial pressure (MAP)

A

diastolic pressure + (1/3)pulse pressure

49
Q

cases of abnormal blood pressure

A

hypertension
hypotension
orthostatic hypotension

50
Q

hypertension

A

diet modification and blood pressure medication

greater than 140/90

51
Q

hypotension

A

below 90/60

can cause adverse effects at just 20 mm Hg below normal

52
Q

orthostatic hypotension

A

caused by sudden change in body position

53
Q

elastic rebound

A

arteries recoil, pushing blood towards capillaries

54
Q

what happens to MAP and pulse pressure as the distance from the heart increases

A

MAP and pulse pressure decrease

55
Q

venous return

A

-amount of blood arriving at the right atrium each minute
BP at the right atrium is 2 mm Hg
BP at the venules is 18 mm Hg

56
Q

aortic branches

A
  • brachiocephalic trunk
  • right common carotid artery
  • right subclavian artery
  • left common carotid artery
  • left subclavian artery
57
Q

right common carotid artery

A

right external carotid artery

right internal carotid artery

58
Q

right subclavian artery

A

right vertebral artery
right internal thoracic artery
right axillary artery

59
Q

left common carotid artery

A

left external carotid artery

left internal carotid artery

60
Q

left subclavian artery

A

left vertebral artery
left internal thoracic artery
left axillary artery

61
Q

is the brachiocephalic trunk on the left or the right

A

right

62
Q

artery branches to the arm

A
  • subclavian
  • axillary
  • brachial
  • radial
  • ulnar
63
Q

paired arteries

A
  • intercostal
  • renal
  • suprarenal
  • gonadal
  • lumbar
  • common iliac
  • internal iliac
  • external iliac
  • femoral
64
Q

unpaired arteries

A
  • celiac trunk
  • splenic arteries
  • left gastric arteries
  • common hepatic arteries
  • superior mesenteric arteries
  • inferior mesenteric arteries
  • median sacral artery
65
Q

artery branches to the leg

A
  • femoral
  • deep femoral
  • popliteal
  • anterior tibial
  • posterior tibial
  • fibular
66
Q

veins draining into the superior vena cava

A
  • subclavian
  • external jugular
  • internal jugular
  • brachiocephalic
  • superior vena cava
  • internal thoracic
  • intercostal
  • azygous
67
Q

vein branches from the arm

A
  • ulnar
  • radial
  • brachial
  • axillary
  • subclavian
  • basilic
  • cephalic
  • median cubital
68
Q

veins draining into the inferior vena cava

A 
great saphenous
femoral
external iliac
internal iliac
common iliac
inferior vena cava
lumbar
gonadal
renal
suprarenal
hepatic
69
Q

vein branches from the leg

A 
fibular
posterior tibial
anterior tibial
popliteal
deep femoral
femoral
great saphenous
70
Q

hepatic portal system

A 
hepatic portal vein
superior mesenteric vein
-inferior mesenteric vein
-splenic vein
-right gastroepiploic vein
-gastric vein
71
Q

artery branches to the head

A
  • superficial temporal artery
  • posterior auricular artery
  • occipital artery
  • maxillary artery
  • facial artery
  • ascending pharyngeal artery
  • lingual artery
  • internal carotid artery
  • external carotid artery
  • carotid sinus
  • common carotid artery
  • vertebral artery
  • thyrocervical trunk
  • subclavian artery
72
Q

vein branches to the head

A 
superficial temporal vein
posterior auricular vein
maxillary vein
pharyngeal vein
facial vein
lingual vein
superior thyroid vein
internal thoracic vein
vertebral vein
external jugular vein
internal jugular vein
subclavian vein
right brachiocephalic vein

DMD 5247 (13 decks)

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