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Derm Flashcards

1
Q

First appears high fever (103-105), headache, red eyes, and N/V, then on 3rd day a rash erupts on hands and feet and spreads to trunk.

A

Rocky mountain spotted fever

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2
Q

dry, round, and red-colored lesions with a rough texture and don’t heal; common in sun-exposed areas

A

actinic keratosis

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3
Q

Precursor for squamous cell carinoma

A

actinic keratosis

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4
Q

s/s of meningitis

A

sore throat, cough, fever, headache, stiff neck, photophobia, changes in LOC

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5
Q

rash in meningitis

A

petechial rash to axilla, flanks, wrist, and ankles

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6
Q

trx for close contacts of those with meningitis

A

rifampin

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7
Q

This rash appears within 7-14 days after a deer tick bite

A

bulls-eye rash in Lyme disease

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8
Q

If a vesicular rash appears on nose, then

A

assume it is shingles until proven otherwise

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9
Q

s/s of melanoma

A

Asymmetry, border irregularity, color is dark, diameter is greater than 6 mm, enlargement or change in size

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10
Q

basal cell carcinoma

A

pearly or waxy skin lesion that can bleed easily

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11
Q

most common type of melanoma in blacks and asians

A

acral lentiginous melanoma

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12
Q

acral lentiginous melanoma

A

black lesions on nailbeds, palmar and plantar surfaces

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13
Q

A hematoma that involves _____ of the nail has a high risk of ischemic damage to the nail matrix

A

more than 25%

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14
Q

treatment for subungual hematoma

A

burn a 18 gauge needle and push 3-4 mm into nail and drain

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15
Q

classic lesions appear bulls-eye like but can range from hives, blisters, petechia/purpura, and hemorrhagic lesions that are painful

A

Steven Johnson syndrome

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16
Q

drug classes associated with SJS

A

PCN, sulfa, barbiturates, dilantin

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17
Q

HIV infected patients have a very high risk of SJS due to

A

TMP/SMZ

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18
Q

Bulla is seen in

A

SJS, impetigo, second degree burns

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19
Q

soft and round wart-like fleshy growths mostly on the trunk or back

A

seborrheic keratoses

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20
Q

raised and yellow-colored soft plaques that are located under the brow or upper and lower lids of the eyes

A

xanthelasma

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21
Q

may be a sign of hyperlipidemia if seen in those less than 40

A

xanthelasma

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22
Q

brown to tan colored stains located on the upper cheeks and forehead in women who are pregnant or on OCP

A

melasma

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23
Q

another name for moles

A

nevi

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24
Q

inherited skin disorder that results in extremely dry skin

A

xerosis

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25
Q

velvet thickening of the skin behind the neck

A

acanthosis nigracans

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26
Q

avoid steroids in these cases because it will worsen the infeciton

A

fungal infection

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27
Q

What in use in infants, children, and adults with thin facial skin

A

0.5-1% hydrocortisone

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28
Q

an inherited skin disorder in which squamous epithelial cells undergo rapid mitotic division and abnormal maturation

A

psoriasis

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29
Q

pinpoint areas of bleeding remain in the skin when a plaque is removed

A

auspitz sign

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30
Q

black box warning with topical tacrolimus for psoriasis

A

malignancy (skin and lymphoma)

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31
Q

treatment for actinic keratosis

A

cryotherapy; fluorouracil cream 5%

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32
Q

superficial skin infection caused by yeasts Pityrosporum orbiculare or Pityrosporum ovale

A

tinea versicolor

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33
Q

diagnostic for tinea versicolor

A

KOH slide shows hyphae and spores

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34
Q

trx for tinea versicolor

A

topical selenium sulfide or ketoconazole cream bid x 2 weeks

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35
Q

s/s of atopic dermatitis (eczema)

A

extremely pruritic rashes on hands, flexural surfaces and neck

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36
Q

classic rash of atopic dermatitis (eczema)

A

multiple small vesicles that rupture and weep; then they become lichenified d/t constant itching

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37
Q

trx for atopic dermatitis (eczema)

A

hydrocortisone 1 to 2.5%; triamcinolone

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38
Q

treatment for contact dermatitis

A

calamine lotion; oatmeal baths; Aveeno;

Severe: oral prednisone tape 12-14 days

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39
Q

treatment of candidiasis intertrigo

A

Nystatin powder bid

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40
Q

treatment of HIV esophageal Candida infections

A

fluconazole

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41
Q

treatment for clenched fist injury

A

refer to ER d/t high risk of infection to bone

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42
Q

several boils that coalesce to form a large boil or abscess

A

carbuncle

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43
Q

trx for non-MRSA nonpurulent cellulitis

A

dicloxacillin QID x 10 days; macrolides for PCN allergy

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44
Q

trx for cellulitis

A

Bactrim DS, doxycycline, or clindamycin x 10 days

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45
Q

large and hot indurated red skin lesion located on shins or cheeks; caused by Staph aureus

A

erypsipelas

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46
Q

treatment for human or animal bites

A

augmentin x 10 days; clindamycin + fluoroquinolone for PCN allergy

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47
Q

wounds that stay open

A

puncture wounds, cat bites, wounds > 12 hours old (24 hours for face)

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48
Q

infection caused by Staph aureus to sebaceous glands of axilla that becomes chronic

A

hidradenitis suppurativa

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49
Q

trx for hidradenitis suppurativa

A

Augmentin or dicloxacillin x 10 days

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50
Q

acute superficial infection by strep pyogenes or S. aureus that is very contagious and pruritic; common in warm and humid weather

A

impetigo

51
Q

trx for impetigo

A

cephalexin or dicloxacillin x 10 days; mupiricon ointment

52
Q

Caused by Borrelia burgdorferi

A

Lyme disease

53
Q

trx for lyme disease

A

doxycycline bid or tetracycline x 14 days

54
Q

caused by Rickettsia rickettsii

A

rocky mountain spotted fever

55
Q

trx for rocky mountain spotted fever

A

doxycycline bid x 21 days; refer stat

56
Q

how long is chickenpox contagious

A

1-2 days before onset of rash until the lesions have crusted over

57
Q

how long is shingles contagious

A

from the onset of rash until the lesions have crusted over

58
Q

duration of shingles

A

2-4 weeks

59
Q

labs for shingles

A

viral culture, PCR for ZDV

60
Q

meds for shingles

A

acyclovir 5x/day or valacyclovir bid x 10 days for initial breakout and 7 days for flare ups

61
Q

most serious complication of shingles

A

post hereptic neuralgia

62
Q

trx for post hereptic neuralgia

A

tricyclic antidepressants, anticonvulsants, or gabapentin

63
Q

for those with varicella vaccine

A

they can still get shingles but it will be a more mild disease than those who have been unvaccinated

64
Q

shingles vaccine

A

for those 60 and older

65
Q

extremely painful red bumps/blisters on sides of finger or cuticle area

A

herpetic whitlow

66
Q

cause of herpetic whitlow

A

direct contact with cold sore or genital herpes lesion

67
Q

bacterial infection of the nail folds

A

paronychia

68
Q

causes of paronychia

A

S. aureus, streptococci, or pseudomonas

69
Q

trx for paronychia

A

soak finger in warm water for 20 min 3x/day; apply mupiricin ointment after soaking; drain if abscess present

70
Q

salmon-colored oval scaly lesions on cleavage line or a “christmas tree” pattern

A

pityriasis rosea

71
Q

course of pityrisasis rosea

A

lasts 2-4 weeks, self-limiting

72
Q

s/s of scabies

A

itching in webs of hands, axilla, breasts, waist, genital; itching worse at bedtime

73
Q

trx for scabies

A

permethrin 5% cream; apply head to toe and wash off in 8-14 hours; wash all clothes/linen used in the past 3 days

74
Q

itching duration with scabies

A

may persist for up to 2-4 weeks

75
Q

trx for tinea infections

A

terconazole cream bid

76
Q

s/s of tinea capitis

A

children with scaly patches and alopecia

77
Q

trx for tinea capitis

A

griseofulvin bid x 6-12 weeks (check baseline LFTs and repeat in 2 weeks)

78
Q

“sandpaper” rash with sore throat

A

scarlet fever

79
Q

hypopigmented round to oval macular rashes on upper shoulders/back that is not itchy

A

tinea versicolor

80
Q

smooth papules 5 mm in size that are dome-shaped with a central “plug”

A

molluscum contagiosum

81
Q

tinea cruris

A

jock itch

82
Q

topical trx for mild acne

A

RetinA 0.25% cream every other day at bedtime for 2-3 weeks, then daily;
benzyl peroxide and erythromycin (Benzamycin) cream

83
Q

tetracyclines can be given for acne starting at age

A

13

84
Q

complication of tetracycline for acne

A

permanent discoloration of tooth enamel; decrease effectiveness of OCP

85
Q

guidelines for isotretinoin (Accutane)

A

category X; patient must sign consent, enroll in pregnancy prevention program, use 2 forms of contraception, only monthly supplies, must do pregnancy test monthly.

86
Q

light skinned individual c/o acne-like pustules around nose, mouth, and chin; may blush easily; red-eyes/blepharitis

A

rosacea

87
Q

trx for rosacea

A

No cure. metronidazole topical gel; azelaic acid gel; low dose tetracycline or minocycline

88
Q

trx for first degree burns

A

cold packs for 24-48 hours

89
Q

burn that is red colored skin with superficial blisters (bullae)

A

second degree burn

90
Q

trx for second degree (partial thickness) burns

A

cleanse with mild soap and water. DO NOT rupture blisters. Trx with silvadene and apply dressing.

91
Q

refer for these kinds of burns

A

third degree burns, facial burns, electrical burns, burns on ears or nose, burns greater than 10% BSA.

92
Q

rule of nines for adult burns

A

each arm and head is 9%;

each leg, anterior trunk, and posterior trunk is 18%

93
Q

caused by Bacillus anthracis

A

Anthrax

94
Q

three types of anthrax

A

cutaneous, GI, and pulmonary (bioterrorism)

95
Q

postexposure prophylaxis for anthrax

A

ciprofloxacin 500 mg bid x 60 days

96
Q

inhalation or ingestion of this can cause respiratory distress and organ failure in 6-8 hours; no known antidote

A

ricin toxin (from castor beans)

97
Q

difference between erypsipelas and cellulitis

A

erypsipelas only affects superficial layer of skin; cellulitis affects the deeper layers of the skin

98
Q

treatment for lice

A

permethrin 1% apply to dry hair x 10 min, may repeat in 2 weeks

99
Q

multiple papules and pustules on lower back and buttocks that do not itch or cause pain.

A

folliculitis

100
Q

This atbx has poor staph coverage

A

PCN

101
Q

transmission of shingles

A

you cannot transmit shingles to another person, but you can transmit chickenpox

102
Q

anti-inflammatory effect of NSAIDs

A

need to use 600-800 mg to reach anti-inflammatory effect; less than 600 is for analgesic effect.

103
Q

trx for post-herpetic neuralgia

A

TCA, gabapentin, Lyrica

104
Q

Shingles vaccine is for

A

those age 60 and older

105
Q

organisms involved in cat, dog, and human bites

A

pasturella, staph, streptococcus

106
Q

how long to give atbx for bites

A

for prophylactic: 3-5 days;

for treating infection: 7-10 days

107
Q

application tips for antifungal creams

A

apply 1-2 inches beyond the rash,
treat for 1-2 weeks,
treat 1-2 weeks after resolution to prevent recurrence

108
Q

fungal infections are usually always

A

superficial infections; which is why topical agents are effective

109
Q

most effective trx for onychomycosis

A

oral terbinafine for 6-12 weeks

110
Q

s/s of lupus

A

fatigue, joint aches, butterfly rash

111
Q

diagnostic for lupus

A

high ANA

112
Q

common sites for basal cell carcinoma

A

head and neck

113
Q

disease associated with seborrheic dermatitis

A

parkinson’s

114
Q

least potent to most potent topicals

A

lotion, cream, gel, ointment

115
Q

best delivery of a topical steroid in an elderly person with thin skin

A

lotion (least potent)

116
Q

herpangina is caused by

A

coxsackie A virus

117
Q

rash with measles (rubeola)

A

brick red rash that starts on head and spreads down to extremities

118
Q

rash with roseola (exanthem subitum)

A

high fever for 2-4 days, then fever stops and rash appears

119
Q

s/s of herpangina

A

painful vesicles on soft palate and mouth

120
Q

important education with Fifth’s disease

A

avoid contact with pregnant women, can cause fetal death

121
Q

usual age at which roseola is diagnosed

A

7-13 months

122
Q

s/s of measles (rubeola)

A

“three C’s”: conjunctivitis, coryza (runny nose), cough; Koplik spots

123
Q

grain of sand appearance in oral mucosa

A

Koplik spots in measles

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