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Genitourinary Flashcards

1
Q

s/s of pyelonephritis

A

fever, dysuria, frequency, N/V, unilateral flank pain

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2
Q

s/s of acute renal failure

A

abrupt onset of oliguria, edema, weight gain, lethargy, decreased appetite

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3
Q

Water is absorbed back into the body by the action of

A

ADH and aldosterone

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4
Q

oliguria

A

urine output less than 400 mL per day

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5
Q

kidneys secrete these hormones

A

erythropoietin (RBC), renin & bradykinin (BP), prostaglandin (renal perfusion), and calcitrol/vitamin D3 (bone)

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6
Q

causes of high BUN

A

acute renal failure, high-protein diet, CHF

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7
Q

This is not as sensitive as the creatinine or GFR

A

BUN

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8
Q

Large amounts of this in a urine sample indicate contamination

A

epithelial cells

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9
Q

This CFU/mL of a certain bacteria is indicative of UTI

A

greater than 10 to the 5th power

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10
Q

Urine dipsticks only pick up

A

albumin, not microalbumin

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11
Q

Indicative of urinary infection with E.coli on UA

A

nitrites

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12
Q

UTI is common in boys during

A

infancy

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13
Q

Uncomplicated UTI can be treated for

A

3 days

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14
Q

These patients with UTI are considered complicated

A

males, diabetics, pregnancy women, children, elderly, those with co-morbids

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15
Q

long term use of nitrofurantoin is associated with

A

lung problems, chronic hepatitis, neuropathy

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16
Q

If there is more than one kind of bacteria in urine culture, then

A

the sample is contaminated

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17
Q

The ____ kidney sits lower than the ____ kidney due to displacement by the _____

A

right; left; liver

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18
Q

risk factors for kidney stones

A

family hx, low fluid intake, gout, bariatric surgery

19
Q

s/s of kidney stones

A

severe colicky flank pain on one side that comes in waves, N/V, hematuria

20
Q

foods high in oxalate

A

rhubarb, spinach, beets, chocolate, tea

21
Q

mnemonic for causes of urinary incontinence

A 
DIAPPERS:
delirium
Infection
Atrophic Vaginitis
Pharmaceuticals 
Psychological 
Excess urinary output (CHF, hyperglycemia)
Restricted mobility
Stool impaction
22
Q

a PVR of more than ___ is considered abnormal

A

100 mL

23
Q

med trx for stress incontinence

A

TCA, estrogen

24
Q

med trx for urge incontinence

A

anticholinergics-antimuscarinics

25
Q

tolterodine tartrate (Detrol) and oxybutynin chloride (Ditropan)

A

antimuscarinic for urge incontinence

26
Q

trx for calcium oxalate urinary stones

A

thiazide diuretic, toradol IM

27
Q

urinary stones smaller than ___ pass spontaneously

A

4 mm

28
Q

_____ are normally found in urine; whereas _____ in urine indicate infection.

A

nitrates; nitrites

29
Q

what to think when patient c/o frequency and urgency but has negative UA

A

pregnancy, STI, atrophic vaginitis, DM

30
Q

1st choice atbx for UTI

A

nitrofurantoin

31
Q

atbx for UTI that is safe in pregnancy

A

1st choice: nitrofurantoin, 2nd choice: cephalosporin

32
Q

fluoroquinolone for UTI is not used for

A

those less than 18, pregnant women

33
Q

avoid these bladder irritants for those with UTI

A

caffeine, alcohol, carbonation

34
Q

caused by detrusor instability

A

urge incontinence

35
Q

nonpharm trx for incontinence

A

weight loss, quit smoking, timed voiding, Kegel exercises, decrease fluids after dinner

36
Q

risk factors for bladder cancer

A

age greater than 40, smoking, occupational hx

37
Q

trx for pyelonephritis

A

cipro or levo x 14 days

38
Q

trx for pyelonephritis if allergic to quinolone

A

ceftriaxone and augmentin

39
Q

creatinine production is related to

A

muscle mass

40
Q

hyaline casts can be caused by

A

dehydration, vigorous exercise

41
Q

Crystal casts have

A

no clinical significance

42
Q

RBC casts can be caused by

A

UTI, glomerulonephritis

43
Q

WBC casts can be caused by

A

inflammation or infection, pyelonephritis

44
Q

epithelial casts can be caused by

A

acute tubular necrosis, hepatitis

Boards (18 decks)

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