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Chem 108 > Chapters 1-4 > Flashcards

Chapters 1-4 Flashcards

1
Q

Chemistry

A

the science that deals with the materials of the universe and the changes that these materials undergo.

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2
Q

Observation

A

Recognize the problem and state it clearly.

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3
Q

Experiment

A

Searching for new information

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4
Q

Theory

A

set of tested hypotheses that gives an overall explanation of some part of nature.

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5
Q

Scientific Method

A

Process that lies at the center of scientific inquiry; Observe, Hypothesis, Experiment, Theory, Prediction, Law

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6
Q

Hypothesis

A

Possible solutions or possible explanations for the observation

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7
Q

Law

A

Summary of observed behavior

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8
Q

Scientific Notation

A

expresses a number as a product of a number between 1-10 and the appropriate power of ten.

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9
Q

Mega

A

M
1,000,000
10^6

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10
Q

kilo

A

k
1000
10^3

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11
Q

deci

A

d
0.1
10^-1

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12
Q

centi

A

c
0.01
10^-2

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13
Q

milli

A

m
0.001
10^-3

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14
Q

micro

A

u
0.000001
10^-6

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15
Q

nano

A

n
0.000000001
10^-9

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16
Q

nonzero integers

A

always significant

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17
Q

leading zeros

A

never significant

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18
Q

captive zeros

A

always significant

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19
Q

trailing zeros

A

significant in the presence of a decimal

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20
Q

Celsius to Fahrenheit

A

F=1.80(C) +32

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21
Q

Fahrenheit to Celcius

A

C=(F-32)/1.80

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22
Q

Density

A

mass/volume

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23
Q

Matter

A

has mass

occupies space

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24
Q

Solid

A

rigid; has a fixed shape and volume

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25
Q

Liquid

A

has a definite volume but takes the shape of its container

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26
Q

Gas

A

has no fixed volume or shape; takes the shape and volume of its container.

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27
Q

Physical properties

A

odor, color, volume, state, density, melting point, and boiling point.

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28
Q

Chemical properties

A

ability to form new substances

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29
Q

Physical change

A

involves a change in one or more physical properties but no change in the fundamental components that make up the substance.

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30
Q

Chemical change

A

involves a change in the fundamental components of the substance; a given substance changes into a different substance or substances.

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31
Q

Element

A

cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical means.

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32
Q

Compound

A

substances that have the same composition no matter where we find them.

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33
Q

Mixture

A

something that has variable composition.

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34
Q

Pure substance

A

always has the same composition.

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35
Q

Homogenous Mixture

A

same throughout; does not vary in composition from one region to another.

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36
Q

Heterogenous Mixture

A

regions that have different properties from those of other regions.

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37
Q

Element symbols

A

abbreviations for the chemical elements

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38
Q

Atom

A

tiny particles that make up elements

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39
Q

Chemical Formula

A

the atoms are indicated by the element symbols, and the number of each type of atom is indicated by a subscript.

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40
Q

Electrons

A

negative particles in atoms

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41
Q

Nuclear atom

A

an atom with a dense center of positive charge around which tiny electrons moved in a space that was otherwise empty.

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42
Q

Nucleus

A

center of the atom

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43
Q

Proton

A

has the same magnitude of charge as the electron but it is positive.

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44
Q

Neutron

A

slightly more massive than a proton but has no charge

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45
Q

Isotopes

A

atoms with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons.

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46
Q

Atomic number

A

the number of protons in a nucleus

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47
Q

Mass number

A

protons + neutrons in nucleus

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48
Q

A X

Z

A

x=symbol of the element
a= the mass number
z=the atomic number

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49
Q

Alkali metals

A

Group 1

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50
Q

Alkaline earth metals

A

Group 2

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51
Q

Halogens

A

Group 7

52
Q

Noble Gases

A

Group 8

53
Q

Physical properties of metal

A

Efficient conduction of heat and energy
Malleability
Ductility
Shiny

54
Q

Diatomic molecules

A

Molecules made up of two atoms

Red on periodic table

55
Q

Ion

A

Charged entity

56
Q

Cation

A

positive ion, produced when one or more electrons are lost from a neutral atom

57
Q

Anion

A

negative ion, produced when electrons are gained by a neutral atom

58
Q

Ionic compound

A

When a metal and nonmetal form a compound

59
Q

Dalton’s atomic theory

A

Elements are made of atoms
All atoms are identical
Atoms are different than atoms of another element
Atoms can combine with atoms of another element to form a compound that always has the same relative numbers and types of atoms.
Atoms are indivisible in chemical properties.

60
Q

Rutherford (1911)

A

Explained the nuclear atom
Atom has a nucleus-dense center of charge
Electrons travel around nucleus
Proton has same magnitude but different charge

61
Q

Rutherford and Chadwick (1932)

A

Most nuclei also contain neutron

Neutron-more massive than proton- no charge

62
Q

Plum pudding model

A

atom might be thought of as a uniform pudding of positive charge with enough electrons scattered within to counterbalance that positive charge.

William Thomson

63
Q

Law of constant composition

A

A given compound always has the same composition no matter where it came from

64
Q

NH3

A

ammonia

65
Q

CH4

A

methane

66
Q

NaCl

A

table salt

67
Q

H

A

Hydrogen

nonmetal

68
Q

He

A

Helium

nonmetal

69
Q

Li

A

Lithium

Metal

70
Q

Be

A

Beryllium

Metal

71
Q

Na

A

Sodium

Metal

72
Q

Mg

A

Magnesium

Metal

73
Q

K

A

Potassium

Metal

74
Q

Ca

A

Calcium

Metal

75
Q

Sc

A

Scandium

Metal

76
Q

Ti

A

Titanium

Metal

77
Q

V

A

Vanadium

Metal

78
Q

Cr

A

Chromium

Metal

79
Q

Mn

A

Manganese

Metal

80
Q

Fe

A

Iron

Metal

81
Q

Co

A

Cobalt

Metal

82
Q

Ni

A

Nickel

Metal

83
Q

Cu

A

Copper

Metal

84
Q

Zn

A

Zinc

Metal

85
Q

B

A

Boron

Nonmetal

86
Q

C

A

Carbon

Nonmetal

87
Q

N

A

Nitrogen

Nonmetal

88
Q

O

A

Oxygen

Nonmetal

89
Q

F

A

Fluorine

Nonmetal

90
Q

Ne

A

Neon

Nonmetal

91
Q

Al

A

Aluminum

Metal

92
Q

Si

A

Silicon

Semimetal

93
Q

P

A

Phosphorous

Nonmetal

94
Q

S

A

Sulfur

Nonmetal

95
Q

Cl

A

Chlorine

Nonmetal

96
Q

Ar

A

Argon

Nonmetal

97
Q

Ga

A

Gallium

Metal

98
Q

Ge

A

Germanium

Semimetal

99
Q

As

A

Arsenic

Semimetal

100
Q

Se

A

Selenium

Nonmetal

101
Q

Br

A

Bromine

Nonmetal

102
Q

Kr

A

Krypton

Nonmetal

103
Q

Sr

A

Strontium

Metal

104
Q

Ag

A

Silver

Metal

105
Q

Cd

A

Cadmium

Metal

106
Q

Sn

A

Tin

Metal

107
Q

Sb

A

Antimony

semimetal

108
Q

I

A

Iodine

nonmetal

109
Q

Ba

A

Barium

Metal

110
Q

W

A

Tungsten

Metal

111
Q

Pt

A

Platinum

Metal

112
Q

Au

A

Gold

Metal

113
Q

Hg

A

Mercury

Metal

114
Q

Pb

A

Lead

Metal

115
Q

Bi

A

Bismuth

Metal

116
Q

Ra

A

Radium

Metal

117
Q

U

A

Uranium

Metal

118
Q

1kg

A

1000g

119
Q

1L

A

1000mL

120
Q

1m (cm)

A

100cm

121
Q

1g

A

1000mg

122
Q

1mL

A

1cm3

123
Q

1m(mm)

A

1000mm

124
Q

1 meter (in)

A

39.4 inches

125
Q

1 km (mi)

A

.621 miles

126
Q

1 gallon (li)

A

3.79 liters

Chem 108 (3 decks)

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