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Chem 108 > Chapters 5-8 > Flashcards

Chapters 5-8 Flashcards

1
Q

Binary Compund

A

A two element compound

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2
Q

Binary ionic compound

A

A two element compound consisting on an anion and cation

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3
Q

Acid

A

Substances that produce hydrogen ions in aqueous solutions; proton donors.

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4
Q

Oxyanion

A

a polyatomic ion containing at least one oxygen atom and one or more atoms of at least one other element.

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5
Q

polyatomic ion

A

an ion containing a number of atoms

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6
Q

precipitate

A

identification in reactions where solid forms

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7
Q

strong electrolyte

A

a material that when dissolved in water gives a solution that conducts an electric current very efficiently

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8
Q

soluble

A

dissolvable in waterr

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9
Q

insoluble

A

not dissolvable in water

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10
Q

strong acid

A

an acid that completely dissociates to produce H+ ions and the conjugate base.

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11
Q

base

A

substances that produce hydroxide ions in aqueous solutions; proton acceptors

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12
Q

strong base

A

a metal hydroxide compound that completely dissociates into its ions in water

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13
Q

molecular equation

A

an equation representing a reaction in solution and showing the reactants and product in undissociated form, whether they are strong or weak electrolytes

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14
Q

complete ionic equation

A

An equation that shows as ions all substances that are strong electrolytes

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15
Q

net ionic equation

A

an equation for a reaction in solution, representing strong electrolytes as ions and showing only those components that are directly involved in the chemical change.

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16
Q

spectator ions

A

ions present in the reaction that do not participate directly in the reaction

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17
Q

salt

A

ionic compound

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18
Q

double displacement reaction

A

AB+CD-AD+CB

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19
Q

acid base reaction

A

HY+AOH-AY+H20

involves an H+ ion that ends up in the product water

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20
Q

precipitation reaction

A

formation of a solid

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21
Q

oxidation reduction reaction

A

involves the transfer of electrons

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22
Q

oxidization

A

an increase in oxidation state; a loss of electrons

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23
Q

reduction

A

a decrease in oxidation state; a gain in electrons

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24
Q

oxidizing agent

A

A reactant that accepts electrons from another reactant

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25
Q

reducing agent

A

A reactant that donates electrons to another substance , reducing the oxidation the oxidation state of one of its own atoms

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26
Q

decomposition reaction

A

a reaction in which a compound can be broken down into simpler compounds or all the way to the component elements by heating or by the application of an electric current.

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27
Q

synthesis reaction

A

a given compound formed from simpler materials

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28
Q

chemical reaction

A

a process in which one or more substances are charged into one or more new substances by the reorganization of component atoms.

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29
Q

chemical equation

A

a representation of a chemical reaction showing the relative numbers of reactant and product molecules

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30
Q

reactant

A

starting substances in chemical reactions. They appear to the left of the arrow in a chemical equation.

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31
Q

product

A

Substances that result from chemical reactions. They are shown to the right of the arrow in a chemical equation.

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32
Q

nitric acid

A

HNO3

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33
Q

nitrate

A

NO3-

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34
Q

nitrite

A

NO2-

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35
Q

nitrous acid

A

HNO2

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36
Q

sulfuric acid

A

H2SO4

37
Q

sulfate

A

SO4(2-)

38
Q

sulfite

A

SO3(2-)

39
Q

sulfurous acid

A

H2SO3

40
Q

hydrogen sulfate

A

HSO4-

41
Q

phosphoric acid

A

H3PO4

42
Q

phosphate

A

PO4(3-)

43
Q

hydrogen phosphate

A

HPO4(2-)

44
Q

dihydrogen phosphate

A

H2PO4-

45
Q

carbonate acid

A

H2CO3

46
Q

carbonate

A

CO3(2-)

47
Q

hydrogen carbonate

A

HCO3-

48
Q

chloric acid

A

HClO3

49
Q

chlorate

A

ClO3-

50
Q

perchlorate

A

ClO4-

51
Q

perchloric acid

A

HClO4

52
Q

chlorite

A

ClO2-

53
Q

chlorous acid

A

HClO2

54
Q

acetic acid

A

HC2H3O2

55
Q

acetate

A

C2H3O2-

56
Q

chromic acid

A

H2CrO4

57
Q

Boric acid

A

H3BO3

58
Q

chromate

A

CrO4(2-)

59
Q

borate

A

BO3(3-)

60
Q

ammonium

A

NH4+

61
Q

cyanide

A

CN-

62
Q

cyanate

A

OCN-

63
Q

thiocyanate

A

SCN-

64
Q

peroxide

A

O2(2-)

65
Q

hydroxide

A

OH-

66
Q

thiosulfate

A

S2O3(2-)

67
Q

dichromate

A

Cr2O7(2-)

68
Q

Process for predicting the products of a precipitation reaction

A

Determine what ions each aqueous reactant has
Exchange ions
(+) ion from one reactant (-) one from other
Balance charges of combined ions to get formula of each product
criss/cross
Balance the equation
count atoms
Determine solubility of each product in water
solubility rules
if product is insoluble it will precipitate

69
Q

atomic mass unit

A

a small amount of mass

70
Q

molar mass

A

the mass in grams of one mole of a compound

71
Q

formula weight

A

the mass in grams of one mole of an ionic compound

72
Q

empirical formula

A

the simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a compound

73
Q

average atomic mass

A

in the periodic table

74
Q

avogadro’s number

A

6.022 X 10^23

75
Q

mass percent

A

the percent by mass of a component of a mixture or of a given element in a compound

76
Q

volume to grams

A

multiply by density

77
Q

grams to volume

A

divide by density

78
Q

grams to moles

A

divide by molar mass

79
Q

moles to grams

A

multiply by molar mass

80
Q

moles to molecules

A

multiply by avos #

81
Q

molecules to moles

A

divide by avos #

82
Q

moles a to moles b

A

ratio of balancing coefficients

83
Q

molecules to total atoms

A

multiply by the sum of subs

84
Q

total atoms to molecules

A

divide by the sum of subs

85
Q

molecules to amus

A

multiply by atomic mass

86
Q

amus to molecules

A

divide by atomic mass

87
Q

molecules to atoms of one type

A

multiply by sub

88
Q

atoms of one type to molecules

A

divide by sub

Chem 108 (3 decks)

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