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From Flashcardlet > ITGS Ch. 10 1-93 Terms > Flashcards

ITGS Ch. 10 1-93 Terms Flashcards

1
Q

The programming language used by Adobe Flash; similar to JavaScript

A

ActionScript

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2
Q

Programming language used to build websites with interactive capabilities; adapts an HTML page to the user’s selections

A

Active Server Pages (ASP)

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3
Q

A software product for developing web-based multimedia

A

Adobe Flash

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4
Q

A collection of technologies that allow the creation of web applications that can update information on a page without requiring the user to refresh or leave the page

A

AJAX (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML)

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5
Q

A set of specific, sequential steps that describe exactly what the computer program must do to complete the required work

A

Algorithm

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6
Q

A feature of Java whereby code needs to be compiled only once, after which the code can be run on many different CPUs

A

Architecture Neutral

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7
Q

In object-oriented analysis, the original class

A

Base Class

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8
Q

A version of the software that’s still under development; many are available for a limited trial period and are used to help the developers correct any errors before they launch the software on the market

A

Beta Version

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9
Q

A type of decision point in an algorithm that can be answered in one of the only two ways; yes (true) or no (false)

A

Binary Decision

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10
Q

A programming language originally developed for system programmers; example of 3GL

A

C

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11
Q

A programming language; takes C to an object-oriented level; example of 3GL

A

C++

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12
Q

A Microsoft programming language developed to compete with Java

A

C#

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13
Q

A category of input identified in object-oriented analysis; defined by information and actions/data and method

A

Class

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14
Q

The step of programming in which a programmer types the code to be executed

A

Code Editing

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15
Q

Translating an algorithm into a programming language

A

Coding

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16
Q

A note left by a programmer in the program code to explain the purpose of a section of code, to indicate the date the program was written, or to include other important information about the code so that other programmers can more easily understand and update it

A

Comment

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17
Q

The process by which code is converted into machine language - the language the central processing unit can understand

A

Compilation

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18
Q

A program that understands both the syntax of the programming language and the exact structure of the central processing unit and its machine language

A

Compiler

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19
Q

General term used for a keyword in a programming language that allows the programmer to direct the flow of the program based on a decision

A

Control Structure

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20
Q

Numbers, words, pictures, or sounds that represent facts, figures, or ideas; the raw input that users have at the start of a job

A

Data

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21
Q

Diagrams that trace all data in an information system from the point at which data enters the system to its final resting place (storage or output)

A

Data-flow Diagrams

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22
Q

(1) describes the kind of data being stored at the memory location; each programming language has its own (2) in a database, indicates what can be stored in a field and prevents the wrong type of data from being entered into a field

A

Data Type (Field Type)

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23
Q

A tool in an integrated development environment that helps programmers analyze a program as it runs

A

Debugger

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24
Q

The process of running a program over and over to find and repair errors and to make sure the program behaves in the way it should

A

Debugging

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25
Q

A place where a program must choose from a list of actions based on the values of a certain input

A

Decision Point

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26
Q

In object-oriented analysis, the modified class

A

Derived Class

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27
Q

Description of the technical details of the software, how the code works, and how the user interacts with the program

A

Documentation

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28
Q

The ability of a web page to decide how to display itself based on the choices the reader makes

A

Dynamic Decision Making

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29
Q

A special tool in an integrated development environment (IDE) that helps programmers as they enter code

A

Editor

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30
Q

The part of a problem statement where programmers describe what the program should do if the input data is invalid or just gibberish

A

Error Handling

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31
Q

The binary sequence that instructs the central processing unit to run the programmer’s code

A

Executable Program

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32
Q

A markup language that enables designers to define their own data-based tags, making it much easier for a website to transfer the key information on its page to another site; it defines what data is being described rather than how it’s to be displayed

A

eXtensible Markup Language (XML)

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33
Q

A computer language in which a problem is presented as a series of fats or constraints instead of as a specific algorithm; system of facts can then be queried; considered the most “natural” of languages

A

Fifth-Generation Language (5GL)

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34
Q

The machine language of a central processing unit (CPU); the sequence of bits that the CPU understands; considered “machine language”

A

First-Generation Language (1GL)

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35
Q

Visual diagram of a process, including the decisions that need to be made along the way

A

Flowchart

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36
Q

In Visual Basic, programmers use this keyword to implement a loop; after the keyword, an input or output item is given a starting value, and then the statements in the body of the loop are executed

A

FOR

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37
Q

A computer language type that includes database query languages and report generators (ex. SQL)

A

Fourth-Generation Language (4GL)

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38
Q

The point in the release cycle where, after release to manufacturers, software is available for purchase by the public

A

General Availability (GA)

39
Q

A series of tags that define how elements on a website should be displayed in a browser

A

Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)

40
Q

In C++, a binary decision in the code where the program can follow one or two paths; if the decision is made one way the program follows one path; if made the other way, the program follows another path

A

IF ELSE

41
Q

Data that has been organized or presented in a meaningful fashion; the result, or output that users require at the end of a job

A

Information

42
Q

A system that includes data, people, procedures, hardware, and software that help in planning and decision making; a software-based solution used to gather and analyze information

A

Information System

43
Q

In object-oriented analysis, the ability of a new class to automatically pick up all the data and methods of an existing class and then extend and customize those to fit its specific needs

A

Inheritance

44
Q

A beginning point

A

Initial Value

45
Q

A developmental tool that helps programmers write and test their programs; one can be configured to support many different languages

A

Integrated Development Environment (IDE)

46
Q

For a programming language, translates the source code into an intermediate form, line by line; each line is then executed as it’s translated

A

Interpreter

47
Q

An object-oriented programming language that has a large set of existing classes; example of 3GL

A

Java

48
Q

A small Java-based program

A

Java Applet

49
Q

A scripting language that’s often used to add interactivity to web pages; often used for creating Dynamic HTML effects

A

JavaScript

50
Q

Programming language used to build websites with interactive capabilities; adapts the HTML page to the user’s selections

A

JavaServer Pages (JSP)

51
Q

(1) A specific word a user wishes to query [or look from] in an Internet search (2) A specific word that has a predefined meaning in a particular programming language

A

Keyword

52
Q

An error in a program that produces unintended or undesired output, where the syntax is correct but some other human error has occured

A

Logical Error

53
Q

A type of decision point in an algorithm; a question is asked, and if the answer is yes, a set of actions is performed; once the set of actions has finished, the question is asked again; is the answer to the question is no, the algorithm breaks free and moves on to the first step that follows this

A

Loop

54
Q

The process of how a program converts the inputs into the correct outputs

A

Method

55
Q

In Visual Basic, programmers use this keyword to implement a loop; when this command is run, the program returns to the FOR statement and increments the value of the output or input item by 1 and then runs a test cycle

A

Next

56
Q

An example of a class in object-oriented analysis

A

Object

57
Q

The programming language most often used to program applications to run under OS X

A

Objective C

58
Q

A type of analysis in which programmers first identify all the categories of inputs that are part of the problem the program is meant to solve

A

Object-Oriented Analysis

59
Q

A coding system that represents a fundamental action of the programming language

A

Operator

60
Q

A programming language; the only modern language that was specifically designed as a teaching language

A

Pascal

61
Q

Programming language used to build websites with interactive capabilities; adapts the HTML page to the user’s selections

A

PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor)

62
Q

A capability to move a completed solution easily from one type of computer to another

A

Portability

63
Q

The starting point of a programming work; a clear description of what tasks the computer program must accomplish and how the program will execute those tasks and respond to unusual situations

A

Problem Statement

64
Q

The process of performing a programming project, which consists of five stages: describing the problem, making a plan, coding, debugging, and testing and documentation

A

Program Development Life Cycle (PDLC)

65
Q

A clear statement of the goals and objectives of the project

A

Program Specification

66
Q

The process of translating a task into a series of commands a computer will use to perform that task

A

Programming

67
Q

A kind of “code” of the set of instructions the central processing unit knows how to perform

A

Programming Language

68
Q

A small model of a program built at the beginning of a large project

A

Prototype

69
Q

A text-based approach to documenting an algorithm

A

Pseudocode

70
Q

An alternative program-development method; instead of developing detailed system documents before they produce the system, the developers first create a prototype, then generate system documents as they use and remodel the product

A

Rapid Application Development (RAD)

71
Q

The point in the release cycle where, after beta testing, a manufacturer makes changes to the software and releases it to other manufacturers for installation on new machines

A

Release-to-Manufacturers (RTM)

72
Q

In object-oriented analysis, the ability to reuse existing classes from one project for another project

A

Reusability

73
Q

An error in a program that occurs when a programmer accidentally writes code that divides by zero, a mathematical error

A

Runtime Error

74
Q

An ever-changing set of requests from clients for additional features as they wait longer and longer to see a working prototype

A

Scope Creep

75
Q

A simple programming language that’s limited to performing a set of specialized tasks

A

Scripting Language

76
Q

A computer language that allows programmers to write programs using a set of short, English-like commands that speak directly to the central processing unit and that give the programmer direct control of hardware resources; also called assembly language

A

Second-Generation Language (2GL)

77
Q

A software update

A

Service Pack

78
Q

The instructions programmers write in a higher-level language

A

Source Code

79
Q

A sentence in a code

A

Statement

80
Q

A database programming language used to construct queries to extract data from relational databases; example of 4GL

A

Structured Query Language (SQL)

81
Q

An agreed-on set of rules defining how a language must be structured

A

Syntax

82
Q

A violation of the strict set of rules that define the programming language

A

Syntax Error

83
Q

A process used to develop information systems; it consists of the following six steps: problem and opportunity identification, analysis, design, development, testing and installation, and maintenance and evaluation

A

System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)

84
Q

A check to see whether the loop in an algorithm is completed

A

Test Condition

85
Q

The part of the problem statement that lists specific input numbers the programmers would typically expect the user to enter; it then lists the precise output values that a perfect program would return for those input values

A

Testing Plan

86
Q

A computer language that uses symbols and commands to help programmers tell the computer what to do, making it easier for humans to read and remember (ex. BASIC, FORTRAN, COBOL, C, C++, and JAVA)

A

Third-Generation Language (3GL)

87
Q

A systematic approach in which a program is broken into a series of high-level tasks

A

Top-Down Design

88
Q

Each input and output item the program manipulates

A

Variable

89
Q

Tells the operating system that the program needs to allocate storage space in RAM

A

Variable Declaration

90
Q

A subset of Visual Basic, used to introduce dynamic decision making into web pages

A

VBScript

91
Q

A programming language used to build a wide range of Windows applications

A

Visual Basic (VB)

92
Q

In programming languages that support Windows programming, programmers can use the mouse to lay out on the screen where the scroll bars and buttons will be in the application; the code needed to explain this to the computer is then written automatically

A

Visual Programming

93
Q

Part of the Microsoft .NET Framework, programs that a website uses to make information available to other websites

A

Web Service

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