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From Flashcardlet > ITGS Ch. 11 1-72 Terms > Flashcards

ITGS Ch. 11 1-72 Terms Flashcards

1
Q

In a database, confirms that only textual characters are entered in a field

A

Alphabetic Check

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2
Q

The branch of computer science that deals with the attempt to create computers that think like humans

A

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

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3
Q

The accumulation of transaction data until a certain point is reached, at which time several transactions are processed at once

A

Batch Processing

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4
Q

Systems used to analyze and interpret data in order to enable managers to make informed decisions about how best to run a business

A

Business Intelligence Systems

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5
Q

Software used on company websites to capture information about each click that users make as they navigate through the site

A

Clickstream data

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6
Q

In a database, ensures that all required fields have been completed

A

Completeness Check

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7
Q

In a database, compares the values of data in two or more fields to see if those values are reasonable

A

Consistency Check

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8
Q

A digital collection of related data that can be stored, sorted, organized, and queried

A

Database

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9
Q

An information technology professional responsible for designing, constructing, and maintaining databases

A

Database Administrator [Database Designer]

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10
Q

A specially designed application software used to create and manage databases

A

Database Management System (DBMS)

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11
Q

When data is maintained in only one file

A

Data Centralization

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12
Q

A map of a database that defines the features of the fields in the database

A

Data Dictionary (Database Schema)

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13
Q

Data for a record being different in two different lists

A

Data Inconsistency

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14
Q

When the data in a database is accurate and reliable

A

Data Integrity

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15
Q

Small slices of a data warehouse grouped together and separated from the main body of data in the data warehouse so that related sets of data can be analyzed

A

Data Mart

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16
Q

The process by which great amounts of data are analyzed and investigated; the objective is to spot significant patterns or trends within the data that would otherwise not be obvious

A

Data Mining

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17
Q

Duplicated data in a list

A

Data Redundancy

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18
Q

The act of formatting data from source databases before fitting it into a data warehouse; it consists of three steps: extraction, transformation, and storage

A

Data Staging

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19
Q

(1) Describes the kind of data being stored at the memory location; each programming language has its own (although there is some degree of overlap); (2) Indicates what type of data can be stored in a field and prevents the wrong type of data from being entered

A

Data Type (Field Type)

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20
Q

A large-scale collection of data that contains and organizes in one place all the data from an organization’s multiple databases

A

Data Warehouse

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21
Q

A type of business intelligence system designed to help managers develop solutions for specific problems

A

Decision Support System (DSS)

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22
Q

The value a database automatically uses for a field unless the user enters another value

A

Default Value

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23
Q

A report generated by a management information system that provides a list of the transactions that occurred during a certain time period

A

Detail Report

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24
Q

A business intelligence system that accumulates in a central location all information relevant to running a business and makes it readily available to whoever needs it to make decisions

A

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) System

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25
Q

A report generated by a management information system that shows conditions that are unusual or that need attention by system users

A

Exception Report

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26
Q

A system that tries to replicate the decision-making processes of human experts in order to solve specific problems

A

Expert System

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27
Q

The component of a database in which the database stores each category of information

A

Field

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28
Q

A property that must be satisfied for an entry to be accepted into the field

A

Field Constraint

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29
Q

In an Access database table, the field name, data type, and other data elements

A

Field Properties

30
Q

Defines the maximum number of characters that a field can hold in a database

A

Field Size

31
Q

In a database, temporarily displays records that match certain criteria

A

Filter

32
Q

In a relational database, the common field between tables that’s not the primary key

A

Foreign Key

33
Q

Enables the interjection of experiential learning into knowledge-based systems by allowing the consideration of probabilities

A

Fuzzy Logic

34
Q

A system that includes data, people, procedures, hardware, and software that help in planning and decision making; a software-based solution used to gather and analyze information

A

Information System

35
Q

Used to control how new data is entered into a shared database

A

Input Form

36
Q

A query used to extract data that’s in two or more tables in a database

A

Join Query

37
Q

A business intelligence system that provides intelligence that supplements the user’s own intellect and makes the decision support system more effective

A

Knowledge-Based System

38
Q

A type of business intelligence system that provides timely and accurate information that enables managers to make critical business decisions

A

Management Information System (MIS)

39
Q

In a relational database, records in one tables are related to multiple records in a second table, and vice versa

A

Many-to-many Relationships

40
Q

Data that describes other data

A

Metadata

41
Q

Software that assists in building management models in decision support systems; an analysis tool that, through the use of internal and external data, provides a view of a particular business situation for the purposes of decision-making

A

Model Management System

42
Q

A database that stores data from different perspectives, called dimensions, and organizes data in cube format

A

Multidimensional Database

43
Q

A knowledge-based business intelligence system that enables users to communicate with computer systems using a natural spoken or written language instead of a computer programming language

A

Natural Language Processing (NLP) System

44
Q

A process to ensure data is organized most efficiently in a databse

A

Normalization

45
Q

In a database, confirms that only numbers are entered in a field

A

Numeric Check

46
Q

A database that stores data in objects rather than in tables

A

Object-oriented Database

47
Q

A query language used by many object-oriented databases

A

Object Query Language (OQL)

48
Q

A system designed to improve communications and assist employees in accomplishing their daily tasks

A

Office Support System (OSS)

49
Q

In a relational database, a record appears only once in one table while having the capability of appearing many times in a related table

A

One-to-Many Relationship

50
Q

In a relational database, for each record in a table there’s only one corresponding record in a related table

A

One-to-One Relationship

51
Q

Software that provides standardized tools for viewing and manipulating data in a data warehouse

A

Online Analytical Processing (OLAP)

52
Q

The real-time processing of database transactions online

A

Online Transaction Processing (OLTP)

53
Q

In a database, a field that has a value unique to a record

A

Primary Key Field

54
Q

In a database, a way of retrieving information that defines a particular subset of data can be used to extract data from one or more tables

A

Query

55
Q

A specially designed computer language used to manipulate data in or extract data from a database

A

Query Language

56
Q

Ensures that the data entered into the field of a database falls within a certain range of values

A

Range Check

57
Q

The processing of database transactions in which the database is updated while the transaction is taking place

A

Real-Time Processing

58
Q

A group of related fields in a database

A

Record

59
Q

In a relational database, a condition where, for each value in a foreign key table, there’s a corresponding value in the primary key table

A

Referential Integrity

60
Q

The use of English-like expressions that have variables and operations, much like algebraic equations, to extract data from databases using Structured Query Language

A

Relational Algebra

61
Q

A database type that organizes data into related tables based on logical groupings

A

Relational Database

62
Q

In a relational database, a link between tables that defines how the data is related

A

Relationship

63
Q

In Structured Query Language, displays a subset of data from a table (or tables) based on the criteria specificied

A

Select Query

64
Q

Data such as “Bill” or “345”; direct opposite of unstructured data

A

Structured (Analytical) Data

65
Q

A database programming language used to construct queries to extract data from relational databases; example of a 4GL

A

Structured Query Language (SQL)

66
Q

A report generated by a management information system that provides a consolidated picture of detailed data; usually include some calculation or visual displays of information

A

Summary Report

67
Q

A group of related records in a database

A

Table (File)

68
Q

Data that doesn’t pertain to one period in time

A

Time-variant data

69
Q

A type of business intelligence system for keeping track of everyday business activities

A

Transaction-processing system (TPS)

70
Q

Audio clips, video clips, pictures, and extremely large documents

A

Unstructured data / binary large object (BLOB)

71
Q

The process of ensuring that data entered into a field of a database meets specified guidelines

A

Validation

72
Q

In a database, generally defined as part of the data dictionary and specified in the field properties for each field; violations result in an error message and a suggested action

A

Validation Rule

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