Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
Fibromyalgia
stiffness and tenderness that affects muscles, tendons, and joints
fatigue is common, diffuse aching or burning
treatment = stress reduction, physical activity, medications
Lordosis
exaggerated inward curvature of the spine, swayback
caused by pregnancy, obesity, large abdominal tumors, or developmentally
treatment = weight loss, exercises to abdominal muscles, braces
Kyphosis
abnormal outward curvature of the spine
asymptomatic until the hump becomes obvious, shoulders become rounded, head protrudes forwards
occurs in believed to be developmental, or osteoporosis
treatment = strengthen muscles and ligaments, braces
Scoliosis
lateral curvature of the spine
one side of the body appears to be higher than the other
generally genetic
treatment = exercises, braces
Osteoarthritis
results from the breakdown and loss of cartilage of the joints
mostly occurs in knees and hips
generally related to aging, or hormonal disorders
treatment = physical and drug therapy, nutritional management, supportive care
Lyme disease
infectious disease caused by spirochete bacterium carrier by mice or deer
characteristic red, itchy rash with a red circle center
treatment = removal of tick, antibiotics, physical therapy
Bursitis
inflammation of a bursa (tiny fluid filled sac that reduces friction between tissues of the body)
due to continuous friction around bursa, repeated trauma
major bursae = shoulders, elbows, hips, knees
flexion/extension limitation, tenderness and pain
treatment = avoidance of activities, heat, aspirin or acetaminophen
Osteomyelitis
bone infection, caused by bacteria
inflammation, swelling, localized heat, subperiosteal abscess that form a sequestrum
treatment = long-term antibiotic treatment, proteins, vitamins A, B, C
Gout
chronic disorder of uric acid metabolism, manifests as an acute form of arthritis
overproduction or decreased excretion of uric acids and urate salts, high levels of uric acid in the blood, leading to joint deformity
most common in the great toe, in men after puberty, inherited
treatment = bed rest, immobilization, cold packs, anti inflammatory agent
Paget’s disease
chronic bone disorder that results in enlarged, deformed bones due to irregular breakdown and formation of bone tissue
vascular stage = bone tissue broken down, spaces filled with blood vessels
sclerotic stage = vascular tissue hardens but is fragile, leading to fractures
treatment = with symptoms, use calcitonin, high-protein, high-calcium, vitamin D diet, anti inflammatory drugs
Marfan’s syndrome
inherited conditions weak weakness of blood vessels
tall and slender with long narrow digits, may have scoliosis
autosomal dominant genetic disorder
treatment = hormones for height, echocardiograms, controlling blood pressure
Bone tumors
abnormal growth in the bone (chondrogenic, osteogenic, fibrogenic)
pain at night or with exercise, anemia, pathologic fractures occur
more common in males, generally during growth
treatment = surgical excision, bone grafting, may require amputation
Muscle tumors
benign or malignant, most common at extremities, head and neck, trunk, and retroperitoneum
painless lump, then pain and tenderness
occur mostly over the age of 50
treatment = surgical resection, radiation therapy
Osteoporosis
loss of normal bone density, porous bone
most often in women after menopause, spontaneous fractures
treatment = calcium and vitamin D, estrogen replacement therapy, exercise
Osteomalacia and rickets
disease characterized by defective mineralization of bones, resulting from deficiency of vitamin D
bones are soft, flexible and deformed, bowing of the legs may occur
children = rickets, adults = osteomalacia
treatment = vitamin D supplements, calcium, calcitonin
