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Human Anatomy > Ch. 1 - Human Body > Flashcards

Ch. 1 - Human Body Flashcards

1
Q

Gross anatomy

A

Large structures

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2
Q

Microanatomy

A

Microscopic Structures

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3
Q

Integumentary System

A

Skin

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4
Q

Function of Skin

A
  • Protection (Barrier to bacteria; Cushioning)
  • Thermoregulation (Sweating to loose heat, Hair to retain heat, Blood supply to capillaries)
  • Sensation (Heat, cold, touch, pain, etc.)
  • Excretion and absorption (Urea and ammonia)
  • Vitamin D production
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5
Q

Skeletal System

A

Bones and joints

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6
Q

functions of bones

A

Movement: Joints and muscle attachments
Posture and framework against gravity
Protection of vital organs
Ca++ balance (homeostasis)

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7
Q

Properties of muscle tissue

A
  • Contractibility: The tissue gets shorter
  • Extensibility: The tissue can stretch
  • Elasticity: The tissue returns to its original length
  • Electrical excitability: Sends electrical signals
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8
Q

Nervous System

A

Brain, spinal cord, sensory receptors, nerves

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9
Q

Functions of the nervous system

A

Gather information from internal and external environments (sensory neurons)
Process the information in the central nervous system
Respond with the appropriate action (motor neurons)
Contraction of a muscle for movement
Regulation of heart rate or respiration

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10
Q

Endocrine System

A

Pineal, pituitary, thyroid, and adrenal glands. Thymus, pancreas, ovaries, and testes

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11
Q

Inferior Caudal

A

Toward the feet

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12
Q

Superior Cranial

A

Toward the head

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13
Q

Medial

A

Toward the midline

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14
Q

Lateral

A

Away from the midline

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15
Q

Ipsilateral

A

Same side

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16
Q

Contralateral

A

Other side

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17
Q

Distal

A

Down the limb

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18
Q

Proximal

A

Up the limb

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19
Q

Intermediate

A

Between structures

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20
Q

Anterior Ventral

A

Forward

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21
Q

Postural Dorsal

A

Backwards

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22
Q

Superficial

A

Near the surface

23
Q

Deep

A

Away from he surface

24
Q

Siggital (Section/Plane)

A

Right from left (i.e. line between the eyes)

25
Q

Transverse (Section/Plane)

A

Top from bottom (i.e. waistline)

26
Q

Frontal (Section/Plane)

A

From from back

27
Q

Oblique (Section/Plane)

A

At an angle

28
Q

Cranial Cavity

A

Contains the brain

29
Q

Dorsal Cavity

A

Cranial and vertebral cavities containing the brain and spinal cord

30
Q

Vertebral Cavity

A

Contains the spinal cord

31
Q

Ventral Cavity

A

Thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities

32
Q

Thoracic Cavity

A

Lungs and heart area. Contains the mediastinum, the pleural cavity, and the pericardial cavity

33
Q

Abdominal (abdominalpelvic?) Cavity

A

Many organs: intestines, liver, stomach etc.

34
Q

Pleural Cavity

A

Contains the Lungs

35
Q

Pericardial Cavity

A

Contains the Heart

36
Q

Visceral Lining

A

Membrane lining the organs

i.e. Visceral pleura = membrane on the lung, or visceral peritoneum = membrane on organs in the abdominal cavity

37
Q

Parietal Lining

A

Membrane lining the cavity

i.e. parietal pericardium = membrane lining the pericardium

38
Q

Epigastric Region

A

Upper medial abdominal area

39
Q

Umbilical Region

A

Medial abdominal area

40
Q

Hypogastric (pubic) Region

A

Lower medial abdominal area

41
Q

Right hypochondriac Region

A

Upper right abdominal area

42
Q

Left hypochondriac Region

A

Upper left abdominal area

43
Q

Right Lumbar Region

A

Middle left abdominal area

44
Q

Left Lumbar Region

A

Middle right abdominal area

45
Q

Right Iliac (inguinal) Region

A

Lower right abdominal area

46
Q

Left Iliac (inguinal) Region

A

Lower left abdominal area

47
Q

Light microscope

A

Can see cells and the structure of tissue

48
Q

Electron Microscope

A

The cell and nuclear membrane become visible, as well as molecules

49
Q

X-Ray

A

High energy light passes through soft tissue but is absorbed by dense tissue

50
Q

Digital Subtraction Angiography

A

Take an X-ray of an area, inject a contrasting medium, taken another X-ray, and subtract what was present in the first X-ray

51
Q

CT Scan

A

A series of X-ray sections put together into a 3D picture

52
Q

Positron Emission Tomography

A

Using a radioactive isotope indicates cellular activity

53
Q

Ultrasound Images

A

Picture generated from the echo of high-frequency sound

54
Q

Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI)

A

Detects levels of hydrogen (in WATER)

Human Anatomy (18 decks)

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