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Physiology > Topic 8 - CELL PHYSIOLOGY II > Flashcards

Topic 8 - CELL PHYSIOLOGY II Flashcards

1
Q

overview

  • cells = living ______ _____ of body
  • chemical processes __ ____ (performed by cells) = __________
    • ___________ = building molecules
    • catabolism = __________ of molecules
A
  • cells = living building blocks of body
  • chemical processes in body (performed by cells) = metabolism
    • anabolism = building molecules
    • catabolism = breakdown of molecules
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2
Q

overview

  • _____ = ______ building blocks of _____
  • _______ ______ in body (______ __ _____) = metabolism
    • anabolism = ________ _____
    • ________ = breakdown of molecules
A
  • cells = living building blocks of body
  • chemical processes in body (performed by cells) = metabolism
    • anabolism = building molecules
    • catabolism = breakdown of molecules
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3
Q

anabolism

A

building molecules

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4
Q

catabolism

A

breakdown of molecules

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5
Q

overview

no hints

A
  • cells = living building blocks of body
  • chemical processes in body (performed by cells) = metabolism
    • anabolism = building molecules
    • catabolism = breakdown of molecules
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6
Q

Basic Cell Processes

Protein Synthesis

proteins can be???

A

proteins can be enzymes, structural, etc.

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7
Q

Basic Cell Processes

Protein Synthesis

process of protein synthesis involves what?

A
  1. DNA transcription
  2. Translation
  3. after translation
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8
Q

Basic Cell Processes

Protein Synthesis

process of protein synthesis involves DNA transcription

DNA ⇒ _________

A

DNA ⇒ mRNA (messenger RNA)

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9
Q

Basic Cell Processes

Protein Synthesis

step 1

DNA _____ at ____ ___ ____ to expose ____ ____ _________

A

step 1

DNA uncoils at site of gene to expose gene base sequence

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10
Q

Basic Cell Processes

Protein Synthesis

Step 1

______ uncoils at site of gene __ ______ gene base sequence

A

step 1

DNA uncoils at site of gene to expose gene base sequence

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11
Q

Basic Cell Processes

Protein Synthesis: DNA Transcription

step 1

no hints

A

DNA uncoils at site of gene to expose gene base sequence

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12
Q

Basic Cell Processes

Protein Synthesis: DNA Transcription

Step 2

____ ______ is formed _____ code on ____ ______ to add ________ RNA nucleotides

A

RNA strand is formed using code on DNA template to add complementary RNA nucleotides

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13
Q

Basic Cell Processes

Protein Synthesis: DNA Transcription

Step 2

RNA strand __ _____ using ____ on DNA template __ _____ complementary ____ ______

A

RNA strand is formed using code on DNA template to add complementary RNA nucleotides

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14
Q

Basic Cell Processes

Protein Synthesis: DNA Transcription

Step 2

no hints

A

RNA strand is formed using code on DNA template to add complementary RNA nucleotides

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15
Q

DNA transcription

DNA ⇒ mRNA

A ⇒ ?

T ⇒ ?

C ⇔ ?

A

A ⇒ U

T ⇒ A

C ⇔ G

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16
Q

Basic Cell Processes

Protein Synthesis: Translation

mRNA ⇒ _______

A

mRNA ⇒ proteins

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17
Q

Basic Cell Processes

Protein Synthesis: Translation

step 1

_____ associates with _________

  • __ _____ on mRNA = base _____ = a codon (e.g. CUU, ACG, etc)
  • each _____ codes for _ ____ ____ (aa’s can have _____ ______ ______ _____)
A

mRNA associates with ribosomes

  • 3 bases on mRNA = base triplet = a codon (e.g. CUU, ACG, etc)
  • each codon codes for 1 amino acid (aa’s can have more than one codon)
18
Q

Basic Cell Processes

Protein Synthesis: Translation

step 1

mRNA ______ _____ ribosomes

  • 3 bases __ _____ = ____ triplet = a ____ (e.g. CUU, ACG, etc)
  • ____ codon _____ ___ 1 amino acid (__ ____ ____ more than one codon)
A

Basic Cell Processes

Protein Synthesis: Translation

step 1

mRNA associates with ribosomes

  • 3 bases on mRNA = base triplet = a codon (e.g. CUU, ACG, etc)
  • each codon codes for 1 amino acid (aa’s can have more than one codon)
19
Q

Basic Cell Processes

Protein Synthesis: Translation

step 1

no hints

A

mRNA associates with ribosomes

  • 3 bases on mRNA = base triplet = a codon (e.g. CUU, ACG, etc)
  • each codon codes for 1 amino acid (aa’s can have more than one codon)
20
Q

Basic Cell Processes

Protein Synthesis: Translation

step 2

_____________ with attached __ and ________ (complimentary ______ to codon) binds to ______ ___

A

transfer RNA (tRNA) with attached aa and anticodon (complimentary bases to codon) binds to matching RNA

21
Q

Basic Cell Processes

Protein Synthesis: Translation

step 2

transfer RNA (tRNA) ____ ______ aa and anticodon (_________ bases __ ______) ______ to matching RNA

A

Basic Cell Processes

Protein Synthesis: Translation

step 2

transfer RNA (tRNA) with attached aa and anticodon (complimentary bases to codon) binds to matching RNA

22
Q

Basic Cell Processes

Protein Synthesis: Translation

step 2

no hints

A

transfer RNA (tRNA) with attached aa and anticodon (complimentary bases to codon) binds to matching RNA

23
Q

Basic Cell Processes

Protein Synthesis: Translation

step 3

______ _____ is formed __ ______ aa to growing ______ _____

A

peptide bond is formed to attach aa to growing peptide chain

24
Q

Basic Cell Processes

Protein Synthesis: Translation

step 3

peptide bond is ______ to attach __ to ______ peptide chain

A

peptide bond is formed to attach aa to growing peptide chain

25
Q

Basic Cell Processes

Protein Synthesis: Translation

step 3

no hints

A

peptide bond is formed to attach aa to growing peptide chain

26
Q

Basic Cell Processes

Protein Synthesis

so overall: sequence of DNA bases determines what which determines what for what?

A

so overall:

sequence of DNA bases determines mRNA sequence ⇒ determines aa sequence for protein

27
Q

Protein Synthesis: After translation

proteins produced on free ribosomes are released into where?

A

cytosol or go to nucleus or mitochondria

28
Q

proteins released into cytosol or go to nucleus or mitochondria are produced where?

A

on free ribosomes

29
Q

Protein Synthesis: After Translation

proteins produced by ribosomes on ER (RER) are released into where?

A

into ER lumen

30
Q

proteins released into ER lumen are produced where?

A

ribosomes on ER (RER)

31
Q
  • proteins produced by ribosomes on ER (RER) - released into ER lumen
    • modified by?
    • transferred to?
A
  • modified by addition of sugars (glycoprotein)
  • transferred to golgi complex in vesicles
32
Q
  • proteins produced by ribosomes on ER (RER) - released in lumen
    • _________ addition of sugars
    • _________ golgi complex in vesicles
A
  • proteins produced by ribosomes on ER (RER) - released in lumen
    • modified by addition of sugars (glycoprotein)
    • transferred to golgi complex in vesicles
33
Q
  • proteins produced by ribosomes on ER (RER) - released in lumen
    • what does the golgi complex do?
      • further _______ protein
      • _______ modified protein in _______ and sends to __________
A

golgi complex

  1. further modifies protein
  2. packages modified proteins in vesicles and sends to destination
34
Q
  • proteins produced by ribosomes on ER (RER) - released in lumen
    • what does the golgi complex do?
      • ______ modifies ______
      • packages ______ ______ in vesicles and _______ to destination
A

golgi complex

  • further modifies protein
  • packages modified proteins in vesicles and sends to destination
35
Q
  • proteins produced by ribosomes on ER (RER) - released in lumen
    • what does the golgi complex do?

no hints

A
  1. further modifies protein
  2. packages modified proteins in vesicles and sends to destination
36
Q

golgi complex packages modified proteins and sends to destination

what destination?

A
  1. cell membrane
  2. secretion
  3. lysosomes
37
Q

lysosomes

membrane-bound organelles containing ______ ______ (acid environment)

A

membrane-bound organelles containing digestive enzymes (acid environment)

38
Q

what are lysosomes and what do they contain?

A

membrane-bound organelles containing digestive enzymes (acid environment)

39
Q

enzymes

names end in _ _ _

A

ASE

40
Q

enzymes

  1. increase what?
  2. not used up in?
  3. very sensitive to?
  4. very ______
  5. _______ controlled by ______ (proteins) - cell can what?
A
  1. increase reaction rates
  2. not used up in reaction
  3. very sensitive to pH, temperature
  4. very specific
  5. synthesis controlled by cell (proteins) - cell can vary reaction rates
41
Q

enzymes

list 5 characteristics

A
  1. increase reaction rates
  2. not used up in reaction
  3. very sensitive to pH, temperature
  4. very specific
  5. synthesis controlled by cell (proteins) - cell can vary reaction rates
42
Q

enzymes

example diagram

A

Physiology (28 decks)

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