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Ophthalmology > Lecture XII > Flashcards

Lecture XII Flashcards

1
Q

What happens to the eyes in pregnancy? (3)

A
  • Refractive error changes
  • Dry eyes
  • Transient loss of accommodation
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2
Q

What is a retinal complication from pregnancy?

A

Pregnancy induced HTN leads to retinopathy

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3
Q

What can happen with DM retinopathy with pregnancy?

A

Progresses

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4
Q

Should you change the glasses prescription or contact lens prescription in pregnancy?

A

No–will change too fast

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5
Q

What causes the exophthalmos with Grave’s disease?

A

EOM hypertrophy 2/2 Ab stimulating

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6
Q

What are the histological findings of the thyroid with grave’s disease?

A

Scalloping of the colloid

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7
Q

What is the most common cause of unilateral or bilateral exophthalmos in the adult?

A

Grave’s disease

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8
Q

How well does the severity of exophthalmos with serum thyroid levels in grave’s disease?

A

Not very

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9
Q

True or false: Thyroid ophthalmopathy can progress even after thyroid function is normal

A

True

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10
Q

What may happen to the optic nerve with Grave’s disease?

A

Pressure on the nerve

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11
Q

What are the three major non-surgical treatments for thyroid ophthalmopathy?

A
  • Tear substitutes
  • Corticosteroids
  • Orbital irradiation
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12
Q

What is the major symptoms of iritis? Others?

A
  • Photophobia
  • Decreased vision
  • Miotic pupil
  • Pain
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13
Q

What must be r/o with iritis?

A

Trauma

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14
Q

What are the three major clinical exam findings of iritis?

A
  • White cells in the anterior chamber
  • Hypopyon
  • Keratic precipitates
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15
Q

What are the ophthalmologic complications of Sarcoidosis? (4)

A
  • Anterior uveitis (iritis)
  • Posterior uveitis
  • Retinitis
  • Dry eye syndrome
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16
Q

What is the great mimic of Sarcoidosis?

A

Histoplasmosis

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17
Q

What are the exam findings of sarcoidosis in the eye? (cornea, retina)

A
  • Granulomatous uveitis (“mutton fat”)

- Candlewax drippings in the choriditis

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18
Q

What are the ocular complications from RA?

A
  • Dry eyes
  • Episcleritis
  • Scleritis
  • Corneal ulcers
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19
Q

Perforations of the ciliary body = ?

A

RA

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20
Q

What is the major complication from RA corneal ulcerations?

A

Perforation of the cornea

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21
Q

What is the major ocular findings from JRA? What is characteristic about the joint issues with JRA?

A

Iritis that is often asymptomatic and chronic

Usually pauciarticular

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22
Q

What may happen if iritis in JRA goes unrecognized? (3)

A
  • Cataracts
  • Glaucoma
  • Corneal calcification
23
Q

What are the ocular manifestations of SLE?

A
  • Dry eyes
  • Scleritis
  • Peripheral corneal ulcers
  • Retinopathy and optic neuropathy
24
Q

What are the s/sx of CT diseases in the eyes?

A
  • Dry eyes
  • Burning
  • FB sensation
  • Photophobia
  • Tears
25
Q

What medications can cause dry eyes?

A
  • antidepressants

- Diuretics

26
Q

What syndrome may cause tear deficiency?

A

Steven-Johnson syndrome

27
Q

What is the treatment for ocular surface disease? (3)

A
  • Artificial tears OTC
  • Omega 3
  • Lid hygiene
28
Q

What are the s/sx of ischemic optic neuropathy?

A
  • HA
  • Scalp TTP
  • Jaw claudication
29
Q

What is the systemic symptoms of giant cell arteritis?

A

Polymyalgia rheumatica

30
Q

What is the treatment for giant cell arteritis?

A
  • IV steroids

- Bx of the temporal artery

31
Q

What is the timeframe in which the bx for giant cell arteritis will not be affected by the steroids given for treatment?

A

1 week

32
Q

What are the three classic lab elevations with Giant cell arteritis?

A
  • Platelets
  • ESR
  • CRP
33
Q

What are the ocular s/sx of migraines? (3)

A
  • Scintillating scotomas
  • Transient cortical blindness
  • Homonymous hemianopia
34
Q

What medications should chronic migraine sufferers avoid?

A

Oral BCP

35
Q

What is the long term treatment for migraines?

A

-Examine for visual loss

36
Q

What is amaurosis fugax?

A

-Temporary arterial obstruction, causing sudden and transient visual loss

37
Q

What are the organ system that affects amaurosis fugax?

A
  • CVD
  • Cerebrovascular
  • Ophthalmologic
38
Q

What can mimic occlusion with amaurosis fugax?

A

Migraine vasospasm

39
Q

What is the treatment for CRAO? (2)

A
  • Digital massage

- Glaucoma meds

40
Q

What are the fundus characteristics after CRAO?

A

blind eye with a pale disc

41
Q

What are the two classic malignancies that affect the optic nerve?

A

Leukemia

Lymphoma

42
Q

True or false: most of the malignancies involving the eye are secondary

A

True

43
Q

What are the complications of radiation to the eye?

A

Cataracts

Retinopathy

44
Q

What chemotherapeutic agent can cause superficial keratitis?

A

Cytosine arabinoside

45
Q

What chemotherapeutic agent can cause optic neuropathy?

A

Vincristine

46
Q

What chemotherapeutic can cause CRAO?

A

Carmustine

47
Q

True or false: pregnancy can cause serous retinal detachment

A

True

48
Q

What is the role of corticosteroids in the treatment of exophthalmos 2/2 Grave’s disease?

A

Reduces the antibody production. However, this is only a temporizing measure.

49
Q

What type of injection characterizes iritis?

A

-Circumcorneal injection

50
Q

What is the treatment for iritis?

A

Cycloplegic agents (antimuscarinics to cause dilation of the pupil)

51
Q

What type of pupil do patients with iritis have: miotic or mydriatic?

A

Miotic

52
Q

What causes the “snowglobe” appearance of irits?

A

Keratic precipitates

53
Q

Which disease is characterized by the following:

  • Granulomatous uveitis (“mutton fat”)
  • Candlewax drippings in the choroiditis
A

Sarcoidosis

Ophthalmology (14 decks)

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