Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

SD- Pediatrics > Vaccination Lecture > Flashcards

Vaccination Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

5 DTP
4 Polio
2 MMR
1 Varicella

…vaccinatons required prior to?

A

Kingergarten (in Maine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

NK cells
PMNs
Complement
Macrophages
Interferon
CRP

..part of?

A

Innate immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The virion consists of a single strand of RNA containing genetic information and a protein coat. Humans are its only natural host.

member of Picornaviruses family

A

Polio virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Polio belongs to the ______ subgroup

A

Enterovirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

3 sero types
Reservoir: humans
Transmission: feces, oro-pharyngeal secretions, droplets
Incubation period: 7-14 days

A

Polio virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Paramyxovirus (RNA)

Hemagglutinin important surface antigen

One antigenic type

Rapidly inactivated by heat and light

A

Measles virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

True or false..

Vaccine preventable diseases are mostly in developing countries?

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Incubation period 10-12 days (can be as long as 18-21 days)

Prodrome:
Stepwise increase in fever to 103°F or higher
Cough, coryza, conjunctivitis
Koplik spots

A

Measles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Respiratory transmission of virus

Replication in nasopharynx and regional lymph nodes

Primary viremia 2-3 days after exposure

Secondary viremia 5-7 days after exposure with spread to tissues

A

Measles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Rash:
Maculopapular rash, usually lasts 5 – 6 days
Begins at the hairline, then involves the face and upper neck
Over next 3 days, moves down and out, reaching hands and feet
Lesions generally separate; may coalesce, particularly on upper body
Initially, lesions blanch with fingertip pressure
Fine peeling over more severely involved areas
Fades in the same order that it appears

Infectious period: 4 days prior to 4 days after rash onset

A

Measles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Positive serologic test for IgM antibody, OR

Significant rise in antibody level by an standard serologic assay, OR

Isolation of virus from a clinical specimen

A

Lab criteria for dx of Measles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Vaccination given in 2 doses:

1st dose at 12-15 months
2nd dose 4-6 yo

A

MMR (measles mumps rubella)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Paramyxovirus rubulaviris

A

Mumps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Symptoms: swelling of the parotid glands (parotitis), testicular swelling (orchitis) may occur

Complications: some association with infertility in males

Source: respiratory secretions

Incubation period: 14 – 25 days

Infectious period: 6 days before symptoms, 9 days after onset of parotitis

A

Mumps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Transmission: person-to-person, through respiratory droplets, may also be present in feces and urine

Incubation period: 14 - 21 days

Infectious period: 7 days before - 5 days after symptom onset5,8

A

Rubella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Togavirus

A

Rubella

17
Q

Symptoms: low pyrexia, lymph node swelling, mild pale pink rash

Rash: develops on the face, spreads to the body, can be itchy

Complications: congenital rubella syndrome if a pregnant woman is in contact with the disease in the first 20 weeks of gestation

Source: respiratory secretions

A

Rubella (Togavirus)

18
Q

Gram negative aerobic coccobacilli

Slow growth in culture (3-6 days)

Colonizes cilia

Produces several toxins

Causes local necrosis and inflammation

A

Bordatella Pertussis

19
Q

Respiratory illness commonly known as whooping cough

Very contagious: 80-90% of susceptible close contacts become infected

Occurs only in humans

Person-to-person spread by infected person coughing or sneezing in close contact with others

A

Pertussis

20
Q

Catarrhal :
Watery eyes, low-grade fever, malaise, runny nose, late-phase
nonproductive cough

Paroxysmal:
Paroxysms (bursts of coughing during a single exhalation) followed by an inspiratory “whooping” sound, post-tussive cyanosis, and vomiting

Convalescent :
Paroxysms gradually improve but recur with respiratory infections

A

Clinical stages of Pertussis

21
Q

Isolation of organism from clinical specimen

PCR positive

(NO SEROLOGY)

A

Used for dx of Pertussis

22
Q

Early antibiotic treatment if identified <21 days after onset
Symptoms may be modified if tx begin early (catarrhal stage)
If begun later, will decrease infectious period but may not decrease duration or severity

Supportive: fluid, rest, cough suppressant, etc.

Hospitalized cases: droplet precautions in separate room until completion of 5d of tx

Treatment and isolation not recommended if >21 days since symptom onset

A

Pertussis

23
Q

Case considered infectious for 21 days after onset or until 5 days of abx completed

In general, close contacts are defined as persons who:
Had face-to-face exposure within 3 feet, (includes all household contacts)
Had direct contact w/ respiratory or nasal secretions (cough, sneeze, sharing food/eating utensils, suctioning, etc)
Shared same confined space in close proximity for >1 hour

A

Pertussis

24
Q

If symptomatic, treat as a case

If not symptomatic, consider chemoprophylaxis (same dosing regimen as for disease) based on:
Infectiousness of the patient
Intensity of exposure
Potential consequences of severe pertussis in contact
Potential for secondary exposure to persons at high risk (e.g., infants <12 mos, pregnant women)

A

Tx for Pertussis in those who came in contact with infected pt

25
Q

Is there a vaccine for Pertussis?

A

Yes

26
Q

Universal vaccination of children ages 2, 4, 6, 15-18 mos and 4-6 yrs

A

DTap (diphtheria tetanus and pertussis)

27
Q

Neisseria meningitidis colonizes…

A

nasopharynx

28
Q

Incubation period 3-4 days (range 2-10 days)

Abrupt onset of fever, meningeal symptoms, hypotension, and rash

Fatality rate 9%-12%; up to 40% in meningococcemia

A

Meningococcal disease

29
Q

Bloodstream infection

May occur with or without meningitis

Clinical findings:
fever
petechial/purpuric rash
hypotension
multiorgan failure

A

Meningococcemia

30
Q

Bacterial culture
Gram stain
Non culture methods: antigen detection in CSF, serology

A

Meningococcal labs

31
Q

All children aged 11-12 yrs, with a booster at age 16 yrs

Other persons 2-55 yrs of age at increased risk

A

Meningococcal vaccine

32
Q

Case is considered to be infectious from 7 days prior to symptom onset to 24 hours after initiation of antibiotic treatment

Chemoprophylaxis is recommended for persons who have had close contact with the case’s respiratory secretions within infectious period

Most effective when administered within 24 hours of onset of illness of case-patient

Little value if given more than 14 days after exposure

A

Post exposure prophylaxis for meningococcal

SD- Pediatrics (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions