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Anatomy Lecture Test 2 > Peripheral nerves > Flashcards

Peripheral nerves Flashcards

1
Q

of spinal nerves

A

31 pairs

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2
Q

Each segment has

A

dorsal and ventral root

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3
Q

Dorsal root ganglion (spinal ganglion)

A

Dorsal roots are enlarged where the cell bodies of the primary sensory neurons are located

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4
Q

Spinal nerve

A

the joining of the dorsal and ventral roots

Pass through intervertebral foramen

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5
Q

major nerves that after and exit the spinal cord

A

spinal nerves

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6
Q

Spinal nerve emerges

A

from each side of a spinal segment

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7
Q

Spinal nerve branches

A

after emerging from the intervertebral foramen the spinal nerve immediately forms branches or rami

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8
Q

Dorsal ramus

A

provides sensory info from and motor innervation to a specific region of the back

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9
Q

ventral ramus

A

supplies the relatively large ventrolateral body surface, structures in the body wall and the limbs

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10
Q

meningeal ramus

A

comes off the common trunk and immediately reenters the spinal column to innervate the meninges, vertebrae, and vertebral ligaments

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11
Q

common trunk

A

distal to the merger of the dorsal and ventral rami

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12
Q

rami communicantes

A

2 branches from each spinal nerve that connect to the sympathetic trunk ganglion (part of ANS)

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13
Q

White rami communicantes

A

myelinated fibers; preganglionic sympathetic nerve fibers

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14
Q

Gray rami communicantes

A

unmylenated fibers, postganglionic sympathetic nerve fibers

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15
Q

Plexuses

A

except in T2-T12, the ventral rami of adjacent spinal nerves combine and then split again as networks of nerve fibers referred to as nerve plexuses

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16
Q

cervical plexus

A

innervates the muscles of the neck and extend into the thoracic cavity to control diaphragmatic muscles

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17
Q

cervical plexus composition

A

muscular and cutaneous branches in the ventral rami of the spinal nerves C1-C4 and fibers from C5

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18
Q

Major branches of cervical plexus

A

Greater auricular, lesser occipital, ansa cervicalis, supraclavicular, transverse cervical, phrenic nerve, prevertebral

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19
Q

greater auricular

A

skin in front of, above, and below ear

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20
Q

lesser occipital

A

skin of scalp above and behind ear

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21
Q

ansa cervicalis

A

combination of fibers from the cervical plexus and part of XII; innervates extrinsic laryngeal muscles

22
Q

Supraclavicular

A

skin of upper portion of chest and shoulder

23
Q

transverse cervical

A

skin of anterior aspect of neck

24
Q

phrenic nerve

A

C3-C5
Innervates diaphragm
Major nerve of cervical plexus

25
Q

prevertebral

A

deep muscles of neck (elevator scapulae, trapezius, scalenus, and sternocleidomastoid)

26
Q

Brachial plexus

A

larger and more complex

Innervates the entire upper extremity of one side and same shoulder and neck muscles

27
Q

Brachial plexus composition

A

root contributions from C5-T1

28
Q

Brachial plexus roots

A

form 3 trunks (superior, inferior, middle)

29
Q

Brachial plexus trunks

A

immediately form 2 divisions (anterior and posterior)

30
Q

Brachial plexus divisions

A

form 3 cords (posterior, medial, lateral)

31
Q

Brachial plexus cords

A

form 5 major nerves (axillary, radial, musculocutaneous, median, ulnar)

32
Q

axillary nerve

A

deltoid and teres minor muscles, skin of shoulder

33
Q

radial nerve

A

extensor muscles on the arm and forearm, supinator, brachioradialis (flexes elbow joint), skin over posterolateral surface of arm, (BEST)

34
Q

Musculocutaneous nerve

A

flexor muscle of the arm, biceps brachii, brachial, skin over lateral surface of forearm (BBC)

35
Q

Median nerve

A

pronators, digital flexors, skin over lateral surface of palm

36
Q

Ulnar nerve

A

flexor muscle of forearm- flexor carpi ulnaris, skin over medial surface of hand

37
Q

Lumbar plexus

A

innervates lower abdomen, anterior and medial portions of lower extremities

38
Q

Composition of lumbar plexus

A

L1-L4 some of L12

Only has roots and divisions

39
Q

Major branches of lumbar plexus

A

femoral and obturator nerve

40
Q

femoral nerve

A

anterior muscles of thigh, skin over anterolateral thigh and medial leg and foot

41
Q

obturator nerve

A

adductor muscles of thigh, skin over medial thigh

42
Q

Sacral plexus

A

innervates the lower back, pelvis, perineum, posterior surface of thigh and leg, dorsal and plantar surface of foot

43
Q

composition of sacral plexus

A

L4-S4
Roots form anterior and posterior divisions
Often contains fibers from lumbar plexus

44
Q

major branches of sacral plexus

A

superior gluteal, inferior gluteal, sciatic, pudendal

45
Q

superior gluteal nerve

A

abductor muscles of thigh (gluteus minimus and medius)

46
Q

inferior gluteal nerve

A

extensor muscles of hip (gluteus maximus)

47
Q

Sciatic nerve

A

innervates semimebranosus, semitendinosus, and biceps femoris
Splits into tibia and common fibular

48
Q

tibial nerve

A

flexors of knee and plantar flexors of ankle; skin over posterior surface of leg, plantar surface of foot

49
Q

common fibular nerve

A

common peroneal

peroneal muscles, toe extensors; skin over anterior surface of leg and dorsal surface of foot

50
Q

Pudendal nerve

A

skin and muscles of perineum and external genitalia

Anatomy Lecture Test 2 (7 decks)

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