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GCSE SCIENCE > Chemistry 1, 2, 3 Questions > Flashcards

Chemistry 1, 2, 3 Questions Flashcards

1
Q

Addition Polymers Definition?

A

Made from UNsaturated monomers. Have a double covalent bond. Lots of unsaturated monomers can open up their covalent bonds and join to form POLYMER CHAINS.

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2
Q

Colloid Definition

A

Consist of really tiny particles of one kind mixed in with another kind. They are dispersed in, not dissolved.

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3
Q

Word Equation For Thermal Decomposition Of Baking Powder?

A

Sodium hydrogencarbonate (baking powder) = sodium carbonate + carbon dioxide + water

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4
Q

Balanced Symbol Equation for Thermal Decomposition?

A

2NaHCO3 = Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O

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5
Q

What Is Esterification?

A

Acid + Alcohol = Ester + Water

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6
Q

What Is A Solute?

A

The substance being dissolved (e.g salt)

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7
Q

What is a Solvent?

A

The liquid its dissolving into (e.g water)

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8
Q

What is an emulsion?

A

A mixture of oil and water

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9
Q

What is an ionic bond?

A

The attraction between a positive and negative ion

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10
Q

What is a Covalent Bond?

A

A shared pair of electrons

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11
Q

In the electrolysis of concentrated sodium chloride solution what is made at the anode
and cathode?

A

Chloride is made at the anode and hydrogen at the cathode

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12
Q

Benefits of the limestone industry?

A

Is a valuable natural resource which can be used to make things like glass and concrete. Limestone quarrying provides employment which supports the economy in towns near the quarry

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13
Q

Drawbacks of the limestone industry?

A

Quarrying takes up lots of land. Making holes in the ground can be disfiguring and unpleasing. Quarrying makes lots of dust and noise, which has a negative impact on people’s quality of life.

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14
Q

What is the test for thermal decomposition?

A

Green copper carbonate, when heated, turns into black copper oxide and gives of carbon dioxide.

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15
Q

Why doesn’t aluminium corrode quickly?

A

It forms a protective layer of aluminium oxide on its surface

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16
Q

What is the test for chlorine?

A

Damp blue litmus paper turns red then white

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17
Q

Why should the electrodes used in electrolysis of brine be inert?

A

So that they don’t react with the products of the electrolysis

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18
Q

Optimum conditions in a production plant are chosen to give what?

A

The lowest production cost per kg of product

19
Q

What are the main metals found in amalgam, brass and solder?

A

Amalgam=mercury,

20
Q

What is the lithosphere?

A

The relatively cold and rigid outer part of the Earth

21
Q

Name two types of igneous rock formed by magma and how they are formed

A

Iron-rich basalt is formed from runny magma and when the eruption is relatively safe. Silica-rich rhyolite is formed by explosive eruptions and produces thick lava

22
Q

Word equation for thermal decomposition?

A

Calcium Carbonate = calcium oxide + carbon dioxide

23
Q

What is thermal decomposition?

A

When one substance chemically breaks down into two new ones when heated

24
Q

In a faster reaction, how would the line look like on a graph?

A

It has a STEEPER GRADIENT and it becomes horizontal SOONER (so the reaction time is a lot less)

25
Q

How do you calculate percentage yield?

A

Actual yield ➗ predicted yield ✖️ 100

26
Q

Which process is labour intensive?

A

Batch, such as making pharmaceutical drugs.

27
Q

What does it mean to get 0% yield?

A

No product has been made

28
Q

What can be said about the amount of product formed in a reaction?

A

It is DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL to the amount of limiting reactant

29
Q

What is the ‘predicted yield’?

A

The maximum mass of product possible.

30
Q

A chemical that is needed in large amounts is made by a batch or a continuous process?

A

Continuous, such as Ammonia in the Haber Process

31
Q

What are the advantages of continuous production?

A
  • Rate of production is high
  • Shut down times are rare
  • Few people are needed for the workforce
  • Relatively easy to start up
32
Q

Which reaction is bond breaking and bond making?

A

Endothermic is bond BREAKING and exothermic is bond MAKING.

33
Q

What are the disadvantages of batch production?

A
  • The rate of production is low
  • Shut down times are often
  • Many people are needed to work
  • Relatively difficult to start up
34
Q

In an endothermic reaction what happens?

A

Energy is ABSORBED from the surroundings

35
Q

What are Fullerenes?

A

Molecules of carbon, shaped like hollow balls or closed tubes

36
Q

Why are diamonds ideal for cutting tools?

A

The carbon atoms are firmed in a very rigid giant covalent structure. It also has a high melting point.

37
Q

Why is graphite ideal as a lubricating material?

A

The sheets of carbon atoms are held together weakly, so they are slippery and can be rubbed off onto paper.

38
Q

How can you increase the rate of reaction?

A

Increasing the concentration, increasing the temperature and increasing the pressure.

39
Q

Why is it better to have a high atom economy?

A

It makes lots of profit, not a lot of products are wasted and products are not used up quickly.

40
Q

Yields are always less than 100%. What four different ways can result in product or reactant being lost?

A

Evaporation, Filtration, Transferring Liquids and the fact that not all of the reactants react to make a product.

41
Q

What different reasons are there that Pharmaceutical Drugs cost a lot?

A

Research and Development, Trialling and Manufacture.

42
Q

What is a colloid?

A

In a colloid, particles of one substance are mixed and dispersed with particles of another substance - but they are not dissolved in it.

43
Q

In paints, what is the binding medium?

A

A liquid polymer that hardens to form a continuous layer when the paint dries

44
Q

How do phosphorescent pigments glow in the dark?

A

They absorb light energy and store it. This stored energy is released as light energy over a period of time.

GCSE SCIENCE (6 decks)

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