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GCSE SCIENCE > Chemistry 4, 5, 6 Questions > Flashcards

Chemistry 4, 5, 6 Questions Flashcards

1
Q

What’s the mass of an electron?

A

0.0005/0

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2
Q

What is the charge of a neutron?

A

No charge

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3
Q

What is the charge of an electron?

A

Negative

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4
Q

What is the mass of a neutron?

A

1

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5
Q

What is the mass of a proton?

A

1

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6
Q

What is the atomic number?

A

The amount of protons in an atom

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7
Q

What is the mass number?

A

The amount of protons and neutrons in an atom

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8
Q

What group will an element with the electronic configuration 2,8,8 be in?

A

Group 0

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9
Q

What group will an element with an electronic configuration 2,8,2 be in?

A

Group 2

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10
Q

What did JJ Thompson discover?

A

He discovered the electrons

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11
Q

What did Ernest Rutherford discover?

A

He discovered that atoms have a central nucleus

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12
Q

What did Niels Bohr discover?

A

He developed the idea of Rutherford and said that electrons occupy particular shells around the nucleus of an atom.

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13
Q

What are isotopes?

A

They have the same atomic number but different mass numbers

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14
Q

The elements in the periodic table are arranged in order of increasing what?

A

Proton number

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15
Q

How many electrons does an element of 2,8,5 have?

A

15

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16
Q

Why do simple molecular substances have weak intermolecular bonds?

A

Their melting and boiling points are very low, because the molecules are easily parted from each other.

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17
Q

What are the group one metals also known as?

A

The alkali metals

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18
Q

As you go down group one, what happens to the elements?

A

They become more reactive because the outer electron is further away from the nucleus, so less energy is needed to remove it.

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19
Q

What are the group 7 elements also known as?

A

The halogens

20
Q

When a metal reacts with a halogen to form salts, what are they called?

A

Metal halides

21
Q

How do you calculate the number of moles in a given mass?

A

Mass in g divided by the Mr of the element

22
Q

What is the Relative Atomic Mass?

A

The average mass of an atom of the element compared to the mass of 1/12th of an atom of Carbon-12

23
Q

What is a Titration?

A

They allow you to find out exactly how much acid is needed to neutralise a quantity of alkali (or vice versa).

24
Q

What is meant by equilibrium?

A

When the forward reaction goes at exactly the same rate as the backwards reaction.

A + B ⇌ C + D

25
Q

What does it mean if equilibrium lies to the right?

A

If equilibrium lies to the right, this means that the concentration of the products is higher than the reactants.

26
Q

What 3 things affects the positioning of equilibrium?

A

Temperature, Pressure and Concentration

27
Q

What is the Contact Process used for?

A

To make Sulfuric Acid

28
Q

What is an example of a strong acid and how is it different from a weak acid?

A

Hydrochloric/Nitric/Sulfuric. Strong acids ionise completely in water and lots of H* ions are released.

29
Q

What are Spectator Ions?

A

They don’t change during the reaction. They were in the reactants and still appeared in the products

30
Q

What do Precipitation reactions involve?

A

Two solutions reacting to make an insoluble substance

31
Q

What is the word equation for rust?

A

iron + oxygen + water → hydrated iron (III) oxide

32
Q

What methods can you use to prevent rusting?

A

Painting, Oiling, Greasing, Tin plating, Galvanishing

33
Q

What is meant by Electrolysis?

A

The breaking down of a substance using electricity

34
Q

What are Cations and what are they attracted to?

A

They are positively charged ions and are attracted to the Cathode (negative electrode)

35
Q

In the formula to work out the amount of product formed during electrolysis, what do the letters stand for (Q = I x t)

A

Q = amount of charge (coulombs), I = Current (amps), t = time (seconds)

36
Q

What is a fuel cell?

A

An electrical that’s supplied with a fuel and oxygen and uses energy from the reaction between them to produce electrical energy efficiently

37
Q

What are the advantages of Hydrogen-Oxygen Fuel Cells?

A
  • More efficient than power stations
  • It has a direct energy transfer, so no turbines or generators etc
  • No moving parts, so energy isn’t lost through friction
  • No pollution as the only product is water
38
Q

What are the disadvantages of Hydrogen-Oxygen Fuel Cells?

A
  • Producing the hydrogen needs lots energy
  • The energy may have come from fossil fuels, which creates pollution
  • Disposing of the poisonous catalysts takes a lot of time and money and may cause environmental problems
39
Q

What is meant by a Free Radical?

A

When a covalent bond evenly breaks, resulting in each atom getting one of the shared electrons, e.g H-H → H• + H•. This makes it very reactive.

40
Q

What is hard water?

A

When scum (limescale) is formed instead of a lather with soap

41
Q

What two ions does hard water contain?

A

Calcium ions (Ca2+) and magnesium ions (Mg2+)

42
Q

How can you remove temporary hardness?

A

By boiling it

43
Q

What is the word equation for temporary hardness?

A

Carbon dioxide + Water + Calcium Carbonate > Calcium Hydrogencarbonate

44
Q

What three methods are used to filter water?

A

Filtration, Sedimentation and Chlorination

45
Q

What is Chlorination?

A

Chlorine gas, injected into the water, kills microbes.

46
Q

What is Sedimentation?

A

A chemical is added which causes tiny solid particles (which would pass through a filter) to clump together into larger particles. These can then be allowed to settle out or may be filtered.

47
Q

What is Filtration?

A

The water is sprayed onto specially prepared layers of sand and gravel. As it trickles through, different sized insoluble solids are removed.

GCSE SCIENCE (6 decks)

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