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Physiology > GI The Small Intestine, Exocrine Pancreas And Biliary System > Flashcards

GI The Small Intestine, Exocrine Pancreas And Biliary System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three parts of the small intestine

A

Duo jej and ileum

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2
Q

What does the small intestine recieve

A

Chyme form stomach duodenal bulb
Panc juice form panc more distal part of duo
Bile form gall bladder

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3
Q

What does the small intestine sec

A

Intestinal juice

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4
Q

How is the surface area in the small intestine

A

Very well adapted
Circular folds
Villi
Microvilli

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5
Q

The small intestine secretes some peptide hormones which are? What kind of sec

A 
Endocrine cells prod these
Gastrin 
Cck
Secretin
Motilin 
Glucagon like insulinotropic peptide 
Glucagon like peptide 1
Ghrelin
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6
Q

What produces cck

A

Form I cells in duo and jej

Enterogastrones

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7
Q

What produces secretin

A

S cells

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8
Q

What cells prod motilin

A

M cells

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9
Q

What are the incretins prod from

A

K cells and L cells

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10
Q

What do gr cells prod

A

Ghrelin

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11
Q

What do all the peptide homones of the small intestine act on

A

GPCR’s

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12
Q

How much intestinal juice prod a day

A

Approx 2 litres

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13
Q

What is the other name for intestinal juice

A

Succus entericus

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14
Q

What promotes Succus entericus prod

A 
Gastrin 
Cck
Distension 
Secretin 
Parasymp nerve activity
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15
Q

What decrease Succus entericus prod

A

Symp nerve activity

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16
Q

What dos Succus entericus contain

A

Mucus - for protection and lubrication form goblet cells
Aq salt - for enzymatic digestion in crypt of Lieberman
No digestive enzymes

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17
Q

What so the movements of segmentation

A

Chopping moving backward and forward vigour is after a meal
Alternation contractiona nd rleaxations of circular muscles
Initiated by BER
Initiated also by chyme distension

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18
Q

What is segmentation of an empty ileum triggered by

A

Gastrin form the stomach

Gastroileal reflex

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19
Q

What is segmentation movement like in pace

A

3-5 hours slow as allow time for abs

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20
Q

What changes the segmentation strength

A

The symp and parasymp activity

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21
Q

What is the MMc

A

Migrating motor complex
Between 90-120 min
Strong peristaltic contraction clearing small intestine between meals

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22
Q

What inhibits the MMc

A

Vagal activty and feeding

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23
Q

What triggers MMc

A

Motilin

Surpressed by Gastrin and cck

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24
Q

What is the endocrine part of the panc

A

Insulin and glucagon sce to blood

25
Q

What is the exocrine part of the pancreas

A

Digestive enzymes form the acinar cells

And ions in panc juice

26
Q

What do pancreatic duct cells produce

A

Bicarbonate rich solution to duo

Neutralises acidic chyme

27
Q

What does the bicarbonate rich solution do

A

Protect the mucosa, barriers erosion of acids

And provide optimum oh for enzymes

28
Q

What do the pancreatic enzymes do

A

Can completely digest food in absence of all other enzymes

29
Q

Where are the pancreatic hormones produced

A

In the acinar cells

Enzymes stored in zymogen granules

30
Q

What are the 5 enzymes pancreatic

A

3 proteases

  • trypsinogen
  • chymotrypsinogen
  • procarboxypeptidase a and b

Panc amylase

Panc lipase

31
Q

The proteases are inactive and then activates to what forms

A

Trypsinogen –> trypsin
Chymotrypsinogen –> chymotrypsin
Procarboxypeptidase a and b –> carboxypeptidase a and b

32
Q

How are the inactive proteases activated

A

By emterokinases form mucosal cells

33
Q

What are the phases of control of panc sec

A

Cephalic - mediated by vs gal activity of acinar cells
Gastric - gastric distension evokes vagovagal reflex = parasymp stim of acinar and duct cells

Intestinal - acid = secretin in crease bicarbonate prod
Fat proetin = cck increase digestive enzymes

34
Q

What does the biliary system compromise of

A

Liver, gall bladder, associated ducts

35
Q

Approx how much bile produced a day

A

0.6-1.2 litres a day

36
Q

What happens to bile between meals

A

Store and conc I gall bladder

37
Q

What sholens to bile during a meal

A

Chyme in duo stim gall bladder contract via cck and bagel activty
Sphincter of oddi open via cck
Bile spurts to duo via cystic duct and common bile ducts

38
Q

What is bile composition

A

Secretion of hepatocytes - liver cells

Secretion of bile duct cells - cholangiocytes

39
Q

What happens in the bile ducts

A

The bile secretions mix

40
Q

What does bile do

A

Participate in digestion and abs of fats

41
Q

How much does the use secreted form the bile duct cells constituent the overla volume

A

25%

42
Q

What is the bile duct cell composition

A

Similar to panc alkaline juice

Ions and bicarbonate rich

43
Q

What happens to the bile duct cell sec between and during meals

A

Between - has ionic comp near plasma

During meal - flow rate increases in repsonse to secretin form duo s cells

44
Q

When the flow rate of bile duct cells sec increases what happens to the product of secretion

A

Have more bicarbonate as the exchanger at the apical mem less time for Cl/bicarbonate exchange so more bicarbonate in sec

45
Q

What does the neural environment the bile forms allow

A

Michelle production
Neutralisation of chyme
Ph adjustment for digestive enzyme optimum
Protection of mucosa

46
Q

What do hepatocytes sec

A

Primary juice form canuliculli which fuse and form biliary du tules

47
Q

What is hepatic bile composed of

A 
Primary bile acids mainly chain and chenodeoxycholic acids 
Water and electrolytes 
Lipids and phospholipids 
Cholesterol 
Immunoglobulin 
Bilirubin
48
Q

What does bilirubin do

A

Only constitutes the yellow pigment

49
Q

What can an excess of cholesterol lead to

A

Bile acids and lecithin may precipitate into micorsrytals that aggregate to gall stones

50
Q

What sit he system which makes use of the bile in the body again a nd again

A

Enterohepatic recycling

51
Q

What’s is the rate of synthesis of bile salts dept upon

A

Hepatic portal blood conc of salts
Low conc Stim syn
High conc inhib syn

52
Q

What does cck do for the secretin of bile

A

Causes gall bladder contraction and relaxation of sphincter of oddi

53
Q

What does secretin do tot the bilesec

A

Causes aq alkaline bile sec

54
Q

What does vagal activity do to the bile sec

A

Via release of ACh

Produces mild sec repsonse in cephalic phase of digestion

55
Q

What does gastrindo do

A

Stim sec by parietal and chief cells
Enhance gastric motility
Stim illeocecal motility

56
Q

What’s dos secretin do

A

Inhib gastric emptying
Inhib gastric sec
Stim sec panc duct cells
Stim sec of bile form liver

57
Q

What does cck do

A 
Inhib gastric empty 
Inhib gastric sec 
Stim digestive enzyme sec by panc acinar cells 
Causes gall bladder contraction 
Relax sphincter of oddi
58
Q

What’s is the small intestine the major site for

A

Digestion and absorption

Physiology (28 decks)

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