Molybdenum (Mo)

Question 1

How is Mo transported in the blood? Where is is absorbed and what is the the absorption rates?

Answer 1

1. Mo is transported as Molybdate attached to erythrocytes, albumin and/or alpha-macroglobulin.
2. Mostly in the proximal small intestines.
3. Absorption rates: 85 to 93%

Question 2

What are the biochemical functions of Mo?

Answer 2

Mo functions as a cofactor for metalloenzymes aldehyde, xanthine, sulfite oxidases, and it catalyzes the hydroxylation of various substances.

Question 3

What are sources of Mo? What is the estimated safe adequate intake of Mo?

Answer 3

1. Beans, grains and nuts.

2. 43/43mcg/d for 14-18M/F and 45/45mcg for all other groups M/F

Question 4

What conditions can lead to Mo deficiency?

Answer 4

A pt w/ short bowel syndrome and on long-term PN. Note: a Mo deficiency due to diet alone is rare.

Question 5

What are signs of Mo deficiency?

Answer 5

Hypermethioninemia, hypouricemia, hyperoxypurinemia, hypouricosuria, and low urinary sulfate excretion and mental disturbances that progressed to coma.

Question 6

What is considered as excessive Mo supplementation? What are symptoms of Mo toxicity?

Answer 6

1. Intake of 10-15g/d.

2. Gout like syndrome with elevated levels of Mo, uric acid, and xanthine oxidase.