Chapter 13

Question 1

Is the spectrum of host cells a virus can infect.
It’s determined by specific host attachment sites and cellular factors.
Most viruses infect only specific types of cells in one host

Answer 1

Host Range

Question 2

Viruses that infect bacteria are called _________ or _______.

Answer 2

Bacteriophage or Phage

Question 3

Complete, fully developed, infectious viral particles made of nucleic acid and protein coat.

Answer 3

Virion

Question 4

is called the Capsid

Answer 4

Protein Coat

Question 5

Made out of subunits called Capsomeres

Answer 5

Capsid

Question 6

One or several types of proteins

Answer 6

Capsomeres

Question 7

Some viruses have an envelope; it covers the capsid

Made of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates.

Answer 7

Envelope

Question 8

Project from the surface of the envelope
Made out of carbohydrate- protein complexes
Used to attach to host cells
Used as means of identification of influenza virus in hemagglutination tests.

Answer 8

Spikes

Question 9

Long rods; looks like a worm
Viral nucleic acid is in a hollow cylindrical capsid
Viruses that cause rabies and ebola

Answer 9

Helical Viruses

Question 10

Many sided viruses
MOST COMMON is the shape of icosahedron
(20 triangular faces and 12 corners)
Adenovirus and Poliovirus

Answer 10

Polyhedral Viruses

Question 11

Roughly spherical
Can be enveloped helical (influenza virus)
Or could be enveloped polyhedral (herpes simplex virus)

Answer 11

Enveloped Viruses

Question 12

Infect and attack other bacteria
Bacterial viruses with complex structures
Bacteriophage; tail sheath, tail fibers, plate, and pin
Smallpox Virus

Answer 12

Complex Viruses

Question 13

Viruses can not live outside of a living cell

Answer 13

Viral Taxonomy

Question 14

Family names end in

Answer 14

“viridae”

Question 15

Genus names end in

Answer 15

“virus”

Question 16

A group of viruses sharing the same genetic information and Ecological Niche (host)

Answer 16

Viral Species

Question 17

Are designated by a number (HIV-1)

Answer 17

Subspecies

Question 18

Retroviridae
Rotavirus
Bovine Rotavirus
Bovine Rotavirus 1

Answer 18

Family Name
Genus Name
Species Name
Subspecies Name

Question 19

Viruses must be grown in living cells

Answer 19

Growing Viruses

Question 20

Bacterial cultures

Answer 20

Bacteriophage

Question 21

Living animals or embryonate eggs

Answer 21

Animal Viruses

Question 22

Cell culture

Answer 22

Animal or Plant Viruses

Question 23

Cells pile up and round up

Answer 23

Cytopathic Effect (CPE)

Question 24

Detect antibodies against viruses in a patient. Use antibodies to identify viruses in neutralization tests, viral hemagglutination.

Answer 24

Serological Tests

Question 25

Phage causes lysis and death of host cells

Answer 25

Lytic Cycle

Question 26

Phage DNA is incorporated into host cell DNA to form a prophage.

Answer 26

Lysogenic Cycle

Question 27

Viruses that activate oncogenes are called

Answer 27

Oncogenic Viruses or Oncoviruses

Question 28

Adenoviridae
Hepersviridae
Poxviridae
Hepadnaviridae

Answer 28

Oncogenic DNA Viruses

Question 29

Retroviridae

Answer 29

Oncogenic RNA Viruses

Question 30

Viruses remains asymptomatically in the host cells for long periods.
Herpes simplex virus
Chicken pox virus

Answer 30

Latent Viral Infection

Question 31

Disease process over a long period, generally fatal

Measles Virus

Answer 31

Persistent Viral Infection

Question 32

Are infectious proteins
Inherited and transmissible by ingestions, transplant, and surgical instruments.
Spongiform encephalopathies; sheep scrapie, human mad cow disease also know as Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease (CJD)

Answer 32

Prions