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Abnormal Psychology > Ch. 16: Stress Disorders > Flashcards

Ch. 16: Stress Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What systems are involved in fight or flight?

A

Endocrine/Autonomic (Sympathetic/Parasympathetic)

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2
Q

What is the role of the sympathetic system?

A

Heart rate, breathing, BP increase
Adrenaline increases
Starts the fight or flight response

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3
Q

What is the role of the parasympathetic system?

A

Reduces HR, BP, respirations and slows to rest.

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4
Q

What are 2 types of stress disorders?

A

Acute stress disorder

PTSD

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5
Q

Describe acute stress disorder?

A

Exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violation

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6
Q

What can cause acute stress disorder?

A

Directly experiencing traumatic event, learning event occurs to a close person, repeated exposure to violent or extreme event.

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7
Q

What are some intrusion symptoms of acute stress disorder?

A

Recurrent involuntary memories of trauma
Dreams related to trauma
Feel as if trauma is happening over again
Physiological reaction in response to external triggers

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8
Q

In acute stress disorder, a persistent inability to experience positive emotions is known as?

A

negative mood

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9
Q

What are Dissociative symptoms in acute stress disorder?

A

Altered sense of reality of one’s surroundings

Can’t remember an important aspect of trauma

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10
Q

What are some avoidance symptoms in acute stress disorder?

A

Efforts to avoid distressing memories

Avoid external reminders that cause memories to surface

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11
Q

What are some arousal symptoms of acute stress disorder?

A 
insomnia
Anger
Hypervigilance
Concentration issue
Heightened startle
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12
Q

What is the general duration of acute stress disorder?

A

3 days to 1 month after trauma

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13
Q

Describe PTSD?

A

Exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violation

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14
Q

What are some causes of PTSD?

A

Directly experiencing or witnessing trauma
Finding out that trauma happened to close family
Repeat exposure to trauma

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15
Q

What are some intrusion symptoms of PTSD?

A

Recurrent involuntary remembrance
Recurrent distressing dreams
Flashbacks
Prolonged distress in response to external trigger

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16
Q

What is arguably the most important symptoms when diagnosing PTSD (1 or more needed)?

A

Marked physiological reaction to internal or external cues that symbolize or resemble an aspect or traumatic event

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17
Q

What are some negative alterations in cognition in PTSD (2 or more needed)?

A

Can’t remember important aspect of trauma
Exaggerated negative belief about self
Persistent distorted thinking about cause/consequence
Negative emotional state
Diminished interest in activities
Detachment from others

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18
Q

What category was removed from PTSD?

A

Dissociative symptoms

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19
Q

What are some avoidance symptoms of PTSD (1 or both needed)

A

Efforts to avoid distressing memory about trauma

Efforts to avoid external reminders that arouse feelings

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20
Q

What are some arousal symptoms of PTSD (2 or more needed)

A 
Sleep disturbance
Anger
Hypervigilance
Concentration issues
Exaggerrated startle
Reckless behavior
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21
Q

What is the duration of PTSD in order to be diagnosed?

A

more than 1 month

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22
Q

What are some common triggers for stress disorders in soldiers?

A

WW1: shell shock
WW2: combat fatigue
Vietnam: First recognized soldiers experience serious psychological symptoms after combat

23
Q

What percentage of our soldiers are diagnosed with a stress disorder?

A

29% have stress disorders

22% have symptoms

24
Q

What percentage of traffic accident victims will develop PTSD?

A

40%

25
Q

In rape cases, what percentage of victims under 11 will develop PTSD? 11-17? 18-29?

A

29& under 11
32% 11-17
29% 18-29

26
Q

What percentage met criteria for acute stress disorder 12 days after sexual assault?

A

94%

27
Q

What are some long term effects of victims of sexual assaults?

A

High anxiety, low self-esteem, sleep issues, sexual dysfunction

28
Q

What percentage of torture victims develop PTSD?

A

30-50% depending on type of torture and length

29
Q

What is the biological explanation as to why people develop stress disorders?

A

Trauma triggers change in brain/body

High cortisol found in combat soldiers, rape victims and Holocaust survivors

30
Q

T/F: After 9/11, pregnant women in NY had higher than avg cortisol levels, therefore, babies were born with high cortisol.

A

True

31
Q

What are some personality changes in stress disorders?

A

Higher risk for those with higher anxiety, perception of limited control of life, negative worldview

32
Q

T/F: Soldiers with poor support have less risk of developing PTSD.

A

False, they have a higher risk

33
Q

What are some multicultural aspects that may contribute to stress disorders?

A

Hispanic soldiers have the highest levels of PTSD , may be attributed to poor coping responses and lack of social support.

34
Q

T/F: A soldier whose platoon was wiped out by an ambush wherein he was the only one who lived is more likely to develop PTSD than a soldier who has never seen combat.

A

True

35
Q

What are some treatment options for those with stress disorders?

A

Drug therapy

Behavioral exposure techniques

36
Q

What is eye movement desensitization reprocessing (EMDR)?

A

rhythmic eye movement with imagery exposure

37
Q

What is insight therapy?

A

Need to come to grips with combat experiences and their impact, change dysfunctional attitudes and styles of interpretation

38
Q

What is family therapy?

A

Families are impacted

39
Q

Describe rap groups?

A

Group therapy with other veterans

40
Q

Describe adjustment disorder?

A

Development of emotional or behavioral symptoms in response to an identifiable stressor occurring within 3 months of onset of stressor

41
Q

What needs to be present to be diagnosed with an adjustment disorder?

A

Marked distress that is unproportional to intensity of stressor
Impairment in social.occupational areas of functioning
Doesn’t meet criteria for another disorder

42
Q

In adjustment disorder, symptoms don’t represent __________.

A

bereavement

43
Q

T/F: In adjustment disorders, after stressor and its consequences have terminates, symptoms don’t persist for more than addition 6 months.

A

True

44
Q

What must you specify with an adjustment disorder?

A

If disorder is accompanied by depressed mood, anxiety or its mixed

45
Q

What medical conditions can be affected by psychological factors like stress?

A 
Ulcers
Asthma
Insomnia
Headaches
High BP
CAD
46
Q

What are some biological factors as to why some people develop a physical stress disorder?

A

Weakness in body systems

Individual difference

47
Q

People who came into the ER w/ no MI had prior __________.

A

stressors

48
Q

People who came into ER w/ or w/o MI all had what?

A

Abnormal hormonal functions

49
Q

What are some psychological factors that cause people to develop a physical stress disorder?

A

Repressed coping style

Type A personality

50
Q

What is the social adjustment rating scale?

A

measures link between stressors and likelihood of illness

Newer scales take into account different populations

51
Q

Describe Psychoneuroimmunology?

A

study of connection between stress and immune system and illness

52
Q

What does behavioral medicine do?

A

combines psychological and physical approaches to treat or prevent medical problems

53
Q

What are some techniques used in behavioral medicine

A

Relaxation training, biofeedback and hypnosis

54
Q

Describe mindful meditation

A

Mindful, not judgmental. Pays attention to every aspect of being, even pain.

Abnormal Psychology (9 decks)

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