Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharm block IV > Pharm Block IV > Flashcards

Pharm Block IV Flashcards

1
Q

Sermorelin

A

GHRH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Mecasermin

A

IGF-1
abnormal GH receptor
AE: hypoglycemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Somatropin/Somatrein

A

GH

AE: leukemia, HypoThyroid, Insulin resistance, Arthralgia, CYP450

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Octreotide

A

somatostatin analog
STOP GH secretion
TX: acromegaly, carcinoid crisis, VIPoma, GI bleeding
AE: GI, heart, HYPOglycemia, gallstones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

PeGvisomANT

A 
GH receptor ANTagonist (no dimerization)
DEC IGF-1
TX: acromegaly
long t1/2
AE: INC GH secretion (INC pit adenoma size), INC aminotransferanse (MRI, Liver Labs)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

MenoTROPINS
HCG
UrofolliTROPIN
FolliTROPIN

A

TROPINs (except soma)
FSH/LH
TX: IVF, anovulation
AE: ovarian cyst, gynecomastia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

GnRH

Gonadorelin

A

GnRH agonist PULSATILE

TX: hypogonadism, infertility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q 
GoseRELIN
HisteRELIN
LeuproLIDE
NafaRELIN
TriptoRELIN
A

RELINs + LIDE (not gonaderlin)
GnRH agonist SUSTAINED
(BIPHASIC: agonist first, inhibitory long term)
TX: endometriosis, breast and ovarian cancer, amenorrhea in PCOS
AE: menopause sx, osteoporosis, urogenital
CI: pregnancy, breast feeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

GaniRELIX
CetroRELIX
AbaRELIX

A 
RELIXs
GnRH receptor Antagonist
Inhibit FSH/LH in dose dependent
TX: IVF
aba x metastatic prostate cancer
AE: QT prolong
CI: ovarian failure, thyroid, adrenal dysfunction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Bromocriptine (cycloset)

CarberGOLIne
PerGOLIde
QuinaGOLIder

A

GOLIs + Bromo
Dopamine receptor agonist (Inhibit prolactin release)
TX: hyperprolactinemia, Parkinson’s
AE: orthostatic HTN, seizure, heart and lung ae
NAUSEA: C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Conjugated estrogens
Estradiol (transdermal)
Ethanol Estradiol
Diethylstilbestrol (DES)

A

estrogens “synthetic”
TX: menopause, osteoporosis, vaginal atrophy
AE: Adenocarcinoma in DES daughters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Tamoxifen

A

SERM (ER ANTAgonist at breast; AGOnist at endometrium, bone)
TX: Breast Cancer (prevention, palliative and adjuvant) - pre and post menopause
AE: Cancer endometrium, cataract, PE
CI: DVT/PE, pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Clomiphene

A

SERM (ER ANTAgonist in pit, hypothalamus, ovaries)
–> GnRH release (FSH/LH)
TX: infertility (ovulatory dz)
AE: emboli
CI: pregnancy, thyroid/adrenal insufficiency, liver dz, endometrial carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Raloxifene

A

SERM (ER ANTAgonist uterus, breast’ AGOnist bone)
TX: osteoporosis, *DEC risk of invasive breast cancer in postmenopausal
AE: vascular occlusion, emboli
CI: pregnancy, emboli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

FulvESTrANT

A

Inhibit ER receptors (ANTAGONIST only)
TX: breast cancer ER+ in postmenopausal with dx after anti-estrogen therapy
AE: asthenia (no strength)
CI: pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

AnastrOZOLE

LetrOZOLE

A

OZOLEs
Inhibit Aromatase - competitive (NO androgen->estrogen)
TX: breast cancer ER+
AE: osteoporotic fractures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

ExeMESTANE

ForMESTANE

A

Inhibit Aromatase - Irreversible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

NOrGESTrel
NOrethindrone
Methoxyprogesterone acetate
EtoNOGESTrel

LevoNOrGESTrel

A

alter GnRH frequency/pulsing (contraception - progestin only)
Levo - emergency “morning after pill”
AE: irregular spotting/bleed
CI: acute liver dz/cancer, breast cancer, pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

MifePRISTOne

A

Inhibit Progesterone receptor (normal dose)
TX: ABORTION
Inhibit glucocorticoid receptor (high dose) - DEC cortisol response

AE: sepsis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Ethylene-estradiol + Norgestrel

Ethinylestradiol + Drospienne

A

alter GnRH frequency/pulsing –> NO ovulation
(contraception - Estrogen + Progesterone)
AE: ER+ cancer, smokers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Testosteron Enanthate

Testosteron Cypionate

A

Testosteron (HRT) –> androgenic effects
TX: hypogonadism
Transdermal (no first metabolism)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Flutamide

A

Inhibit DHT/Testosteron receptor
(Androgen Receptor Antagonist)
TX: metastatic prostate cancer, BPH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Spironolactone

A

Inhibit DHT/Testosteron receptor
(Androgen Receptor Antagonist)
Aldosterone receptor antagonist

AE: hirsutism, HTN, acne, edema, kidney dz, HypoKalemia
CI: acute RF, Hyperkalemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

FINEstaride

A 
FINE = FIVE
Inhibit type II 5alpha-reductase
(NO testosteron->DHT)
TX: BPH, androgenic alopecia
CI: pregnancy, women
Alternative to TRUP
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Insulin Glulisine
Insulin Aspart
Insulin Lisper

A

Girls And Lads
rapid-acting (acute meals or acute hyperglycemia)
monomeric - aa
fast PEAK

26
Q

regular Insulin

A

Rest
30-45 min before meals or acute hyperglycemia
+zion ions -> hexamers->monomers

27
Q

NPH insulin (Isophane)

A

Now
Intermediate acting
(conjugated with protamine - delay absorption)
x basal insulin and overnight coverage

28
Q

Insulin Detmir

Insulin Glargine

A 
Don't Go ("Largo, medir")
Long acting
gla - aa substitude to form large ppt 
det - associated with tissue
both are slow absorbed 
x basal insulin and overnight coverage (NO PEAK)
29
Q

Metformin - Biguanides

A 
Insulin SENSITIZER (DEC 1.5%)
Inhibit mito complex I --> INC AMP
ADENYLATE CYCLASE - opposes glucagon
AMPK - Insulin Sensitivity
Lower fasting glucose
weight loss, better lipids, NO hypoglycemia
AE: LACTIC ACIDOSIS, GI, dec B12 absorption
CI: old, pregnancy, RF,
30
Q 
ChlorpropaMIDE
TolbutaMIDE
GLImepiride
GLIpizide
GLYburide
A

SuLFonylureas
Inhibit B cell K+ channel –> Insulin secretion (beta cell)
SLOW onset, LONG duration, lower Fasting glucose
AE: HYPOGLYCEMIA, weight gain
CI: RF, liver dz, pregnancy, old, type 1 DM
NO aspirin

31
Q

RepaGLINIDE

NateGLINIDE

A 
Meglitinides
Inhibit B cell K+ channel --> Insulin secretion
FAST, SHORT duration
DEC postprandial glucose (reap low fasting)
AE: HYPOGLYCEMIA, weight gain
CI: liver dz 
Repa - use in RF pts
Nate - liver metabolized
32
Q

PioGLITAZONE

RosiGLITAZONE

A

Thiazolidinediones
Agonist of PPARgamma (TF)–> INC insulin sensitivity, glucose utilization (INC GLUT4)
DEC insulin resistance
low fasting glucose, DEC tryglcerides
AE: weight gain, INC edema, bone fractures, bladder cancer
CI: liver dz, CHF, CVD, pregnancy

33
Q

Acarbose

Miglitol

A

Inhibit alpha-glucosidase (.5-.8%)
(Inhibit carbohydrate digestion)
DEC postprandial glucose
AE: GI :(

34
Q

EventTIDE

LiragluTIDE

A

Incretin Mimetics and modulators
GLP-1 analog
INC glucose-Induced Insulin release/sensitivity->Lower fasting glucose, low postprandial glucose
DEC glucagon, DEC gluconeogenesis
last longer
slows gastric emptying -> INC satiety ->weight loss!

35
Q

SitaGLIPTIN

SaxaGLIPTIN

A

Incretin mimetics and modulators
Inhibit DPP-IV (GLP-1 peptidase)
INC GLP-1 action
Dec fating glucose, Dec postprandial glucose

36
Q

PrAMLIntide

A 
AMyLIn homolog (injections)
(adjunct to insulin therapy)
DEC postprandial glucose, weight loss
short acting
AE: hypoglycemia (DEC 50% insulin)
37
Q

CanagliFLOZIN

DapagliFLOZIN

A

Inhibit SGLT2 (glucose channel in PT kidney)
INC glucose excretion
DEC BP, weight loss
AE: UTI, hypotension, HyperKalemia, INC LDL
CI: RF, type 1 DM

38
Q

CoViLEsalam

A

Bile acid-binding resin
PREVENT bile acid reabsorption
(NO GLP-1 secretion)
add-on, not 1st line

39
Q

CALCItriol
DoxerCALCIferol
ErgocholeCALCIferol
CholeCALCIferol

A

Vit D agonist receptors
INC Ca/phosphate absorption, DEC PTH
AE: hypercalcemia
CI: hyperphosphatemia (TX: low diet, phosphate binders-sevelamer)

40
Q

alenDRONATE
pamiDRONATE
risenDRONATE
zoleDRONATE

A

Inhibit Farensyl pyrophosphate Synthase
BISPHOSPHONATES
(DEC protein farnesylation, DEC osteoclast, DEC bone resorption)
TX: OSTEOPOROSIS, hypercalcemia +-cancer, metastatic bone dz, page’s dz
AE: GI, eye sx, RF, transient hypocalcemia
CI: esophageal dz, CKD

41
Q

Denosumab

A

anti-RANKL mAb (RANKL antagonist)
DEC osteoclast, dec bone resorption
TX: osteoporosis (DEC fracture), hypercalcemia, giant cell tumor of bone
AE: hypocalcemia, osteonecrosis of the jaw
CI: hypocalcemia

42
Q

TeriParTide

A

PTH receptor agonist (ANABOLIC)
INC osteoblast, INC bone growth, INC renal 1a-hydroxylase, INC renal Ca reabsorption
AE: OSTEOSARCOMA, transient hypercalcemia, hyperuricemia

43
Q

Calcitonin

A

Calcitonin agonist
(at receptor in osteoclast - NO bone resorption; Inhibit renal Ca reabsorption)
TX: severe hypercalcemia (IM/subQ), page’s dz, osteoporosis menopausal (nasal)

DEC Ca2+ in 4-6 hrs - limited efficacy to 48hrs bc tachyphylaxis

44
Q

CInaCAlcet

A

Cacimimetic
allosterically enhances affinity of CaSR for Ca2+ (PTH suppresion)
TX: CKD/secondary or primary hyperPTH, hypercalcemia
AE: hypocalcemia, seizure
CI: Ca

45
Q

Levothyroxine/T4

A

Prohorome ->T3 (VDR TF agonist)
TX: hypothyroidism
AE: A Fib, bone loss in premenopausal, HyperThyroidism
protein bound = many drug interactions

46
Q

Liothyronine/T3

A

VDR TF agonist
TX: hypothyroidism acute (myxedema coma), prep thyroid cancer pt
AE: thyrotoxicosis
extreme troughs and peaks - transient effects

47
Q

PropanoLOL

esmoLOL

A

beta-blocker - sx control

Propanolol - inhibits T4->T3

48
Q

PropylThiouracil (PTU)

Methimazole (MMI)

A

Thionamides/Thiourylenes
INHIBIT THYROID PEROXIDASE (Inhibit organification coupling)
AE: rash, fetal goiter, hypothyroidism, birth defect
HEPATOXITCITY (PTU»>MMI)
ANCA+ PTU»MMI
Agranulocytosis PTU=MMI
teratogenicity MMI»>PTU

chance of permanent remission :)

49
Q

Iodide

SSKI, Lugol’s solution

A

Inhibit thyroid hormone secretion - ACUTELY
inhibit hormone synthesis via Wolff-Chaikoff effect (transient)
Dec thyroid organ vascularity
TX: thyroid storm, preop thyroidectomy
AE: swollen salivary glands, HA, metallic taste, HypoThyroidism permanent

permanent resolution of hyperthyroidism :)

50
Q

radioactive Iodine

A

131I-gamma and beta particle emitter (necrosis of follicular cells)
TX: hyperthyroidism #1 (grave’s).
AE: radiation thyroiditis, exacerbate grave’s ophtho
CI: pregnancy, old pts with CAD or pts not tolerant to hyperthyroid sx

51
Q

Cholestyramine

A

Bile acid Sequestrate (prevents reabsorption of thyroid hormone)

52
Q

Hydrocortisone

Cortison

A

Short acting

glucocorticoid receptor ligand

53
Q

Fludrocortisone

A

Intermediate acting
mineralcorticosone receptor ligand
Inhibits 11bHSD2

54
Q

Prednisone
Prednisolone
Triamcinolone

A

Intermediate acting

glucocorticoid receptor ligand

55
Q

Dexamethasone

Beclamethasone

A

Long acting

NO mineralocorticoid potency

56
Q

Ketaconazole

A

Inhibits CYP11A1/CYP11B1

dec cortisol synthesis

57
Q

Etomidate (IV)

A

Inhibits CYP11A1/CYP11B1

dec cortisol synthesis

58
Q

Metyrapone

A

Inhibits CYP11B1/CYP11B2
dec cortisol synthesis
safe in pregnancy

59
Q

Mitotane

A

Ablation of adrenocortical cells

dec cortisol synthesis

60
Q

Corticosteroids

A 
AE:
hepatoxicity
impotency
gynecomastia
GI/Rash/Ataxia
Abortifacient

Pharm block IV (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions