4d

Question 1

what is entropy a function of

Answer 1

entropy is a function of state

Question 2

Sa and Sb relate to what

Answer 2

they relate to different states

Question 3

when Sa and Sb are plotted on a graph,, what are the axis

Answer 3

u have volume on the Y
and temperature on the X

Question 4

what does Sb - Sa equal

Answer 4

difference in entropy

dS = dQ/T

Question 5

is dQ and sQ state functions

Answer 5

nopeee

to think of Q.

u need to do dS = dQ/T

Question 6

how to make heat a state functio, q or Q

Answer 6

we add temperature to the mix!!

so dS = dQ / T

Question 7

what does dQ/T equal if the process is reversible

Answer 7

if dQ/T is reversible it will equal 0.

aka it makes a complete circle and the reaction starts and ends at the same point.

so tbh we dont rlly know if the reation occured or not.

Question 8

what will dQ/T equal if the process is irreversible

Answer 8

if its irreversible dQ/T will be smaller than 0.

we would be able to see that the reaction took place bc it doesnt start and end at the same time

Question 9

dQ/T (aka change in entropy) when the process is reversible =

Answer 9

0

Question 10

dQ/T is the process is irreversible

Answer 10

< 0

smaller than 0.

Question 11

for a system in an environment: entropy change of the system will be

Answer 11

smaller or equal to 0

aka dQ/T < 0 or equal to

Question 12

for a system in an environment: entropy change of theenvironment will be

Answer 12

> 0

equal to 0 or positive.

Question 13

in areversible reaction.. what is hard to clock

Answer 13

its hard to clock if the reaction actually took place.

bc dS aka dQ/T is equal to 0.

so if change is 0,, how do we know if anything actually happened.

Question 14

in an irreversible system,, what is dS and what is dQ/T

Answer 14

dS is 0. meaning it starts and ends at the same entropy level.

dQ/T < 0 : this is change in heat exchange: which can tell us if a process has occured bc it doesnt start and end at 0.

dQ/T < 0

Question 15

in an irreversible reaction,, dS = 0,, so we cant tell if a reaction takes place,, but what can we use to tell if it takes place and what equation is it

Answer 15

dS = 0

but yk what doesnt equal to 0.

dQ/T aka heat exchange does not equal to 0.

dQ/T < 0 !!!!

so we can use it to see if smt has acc happened.

Question 16

e is used for what

Answer 16

to tell us were talking about the environment

Question 17

what does i tell us about

Answer 17

tells us were talking about the internal

Question 18

diS corresonds to the irreversible part which equals to

Answer 18

not zeroooooo

Question 19

dis stands for what

Answer 19

internal entropy change

which doesnt equal to 0

and is the irreversible part

Question 20

dS = what in terms of i and e

Answer 20

dS = diS + deS = 0

Question 21

e =

Answer 21

exchange of matter and energy

entropy difference of the system

Question 22

i =

Answer 22

entropy change related to irreversible processes within the system

Question 23

diS goes from being smaller than what,,, to being bigger than what when introducing an irreversible process

Answer 23

diS goes from being smaller than 0

to being larger than 0

when introducing an irreversible system

Question 24

what isnt exchanged in a closed system

Answer 24

no matter exchange.

deS = dQ/T

Question 25

id diS is smaller than 0 ,, what must deS be

Answer 25

deS must be bigger than 0.

Question 26

so if dS is equal to 0,, and diS is smaller than 0,, what must deS be

Answer 26

deS must be bigger than 0. e for enormous,, aka larger than 0. diS = incey wincey = small so smaller than 0.

Question 27

diS is smaller or larger than 0

Answer 27

diS is smaller than 0

Question 28

deS is smaller or larger than 0

Answer 28

deS is larger than 0

Question 29

deS anddiS must do what to eachother

Answer 29

they should cancel eachother out bc dS needs to be 0.

Question 30

okay so in an irreverisble read=ction,, normall dS is equal to what

Answer 30

normal dS needs to be < dQ/T

Question 31

but in an irreversible reaction §dS = what

Answer 31

§dS = 0

Question 32

reversible reactionnnn: dS = §dS =

Answer 32

dS = dQ/T §dS = §dQ/T = 0

Question 33

in an irreverible reaction dS = §dS = 0 §dQ/T =

Answer 33

dS < dQ/T §dS = 0 §dQ/T < 0

Question 34

so if §deS = §dQ/T < 0 what does this mean

Answer 34

- for a system to return to its initial state the entropy generated by irreversible processes within the system heat must be exchanged to the exterior, increasing the entropy of the exterior

Question 35

every process in nature does what

Answer 35

every process in nature increases entropy

Question 36

what cool thing does entropy let us do

Answer 36

it lets us distinguish the past from the future it can thereore help us predict the direction in which a system will evolve. direction of the process // reaction so even if the reaction is reverisble,, it leaves a trace on the env,, so we can see the direction and acc realise if a reaction has occured or not.

Question 37

what reaction is the cool one that tells us that entropy change can tell us if a reversible reaction has occured.

Answer 37

§deS = §dQ/T = < 0

Question 38

1st law is what,, and what is the equation

Answer 38

1st law is conservation of energy dU (closed system) = dQ + dw

Question 39

if dS of a closed system is 0,, what does this mean

Answer 39

it means that the reaction is reverisble.

Question 40

dS = whatttttt

Answer 40

dQ/T

Question 41

dU in terms of temp, entropy and work

Answer 41

dU = TdS + dW

Question 42

dU in terms of T , S , p and v

Answer 42

dU = TdS - pdV

Question 43

what is entropy + can we use it to predict the direction of a reaction

Answer 43

every process increases entropy// so there must be something favourable about it measure of disorder. and lowkey everything loves disorder soooo

Question 44

what did boltzman do

Answer 44

boltzman associated entropy with disorder + probability entropy,, disorder,, probability.

Question 45

S aka entropy is proportionate to whattt

Answer 45

ln( W) which is the number of microstates based on observation so no need for the super hardcore science stuff.

Question 46

S in terms of boltzman

Answer 46

S = kB x ln(W) entropy = boltzman constant x ln( W ) W being the number of microstates.

Question 47

what remains constant in an adiabatic process

Answer 47

temperature remains the same in an adiabatic process!! it means temp constant

Question 48

when were thinking of S = KB x ln(w) what should we always think offff

Answer 48

think of a box with a barrier,, in the middle with amount of dots in each side of the box on opp sides of the barrier!!!!!!!

Question 49

in the boltzman box,, S = kb x ln(w) what does N mean

Answer 49

N is the number of particles of gas on each side of the box,, on each side of the barrier.

Question 50

N1 + N2. = what

Answer 50

N aka N 1 = number of gas particles on one side of the boltzman box N2 = number of particles on the other side of the boltzman box

Question 51

the barrier in the boltzman box is

Answer 51

its permeable so an equilibrium can be met bc particles can move to opp sides of the box.

Question 52

what do we need to try and max out

Answer 52

we want to max out S of the boltzman entropy thing so we want to max out W. the number of microstates. so we need to balance the number of particles on each side of the box!!!

Question 53

what is W

Answer 53

( N1 + N2) ! // N1! N2! so kinda like reduced mass but u add the ! to it.

Question 54

a symmetric distribution of particles in the boltzman distribution is what

Answer 54

its wantedddd bc it maxes out W which maxes out S. which is what we want bc W = (N1 + N2)! // N1! N2!

Question 55

microstates with a larger W are what

Answer 55

theyre more probable

Question 56

if the distribution is asymmetrical,, W is reduced which means what else is redued

Answer 56

it means that the equilibrium state is also reduced.

Question 57

the boltzman box this only occurs in what type of reaction

Answer 57

a irreversible entropy increase it doesnt work in a reversible reaction bc if u want to max out W and there fore the equilibrium state and S. once youve finally got a symmetric distribution,, why would u want to reverse that and get an asymmetric distributio again?/

Question 58

the distribution that corresponds to the equilibrium is what one

Answer 58

the one that maxes out W and therefore S. aka the one with the most symmetric distribution. bc S = Kb x ln(w)

Question 59

what leaves a trace on the environment in a reversible reaction

Answer 59

entropyyyyyy. the past and present thing we were one about to see if a reaction acc took place.

Question 60

what can we use S to do

Answer 60

S can be used to predict the direction of a reaction.

Question 61

if we have a box,, lhs and rha = what

Answer 61

lhs = T1 rhs = T2 T1 would be larger than T2,, meaning there is heat flux from T1 to T2 aka from the lhs to the rhs. making dQ positive ,, making diS > 0 .

Question 62

diS thereofre isss

Answer 62

-dQ/T1 + dQ/T2 = ( - 1/T1 + 1/T2) dQ

Question 63

so diS / dT =

Answer 63

(-1/T1 + 1/T2) dQ/dT meaning S depends on diff in temp!!!! chnage in S /T

Question 64

when heat flux occurs,, heat is moved from high temp to low temp,, soon the equilibrium will be established and the temp change will be 0 ,, when this occurs what happens

Answer 64

the rate of S will vanish and we reach the minimum equilibrium state.

Question 65

plot of rate of exchange : diS/dT ,, with T1-T2 on the axis. > 0 at equilibrium the rate function will be

Answer 65

at the minnnnn aka when T1 is hotter than T2 meaning their difference is (+) and thereofore above 0. rate of exchange is at its min. smiley face smile

Question 66

graph when S is plotted against (T1 - T2)

Answer 66

maxxxxxx hill shape!!!

Question 67

when the temp difference is largeu gettt

Answer 67

maxxx

Question 68

when temp diff is small u get

Answer 68

minnnnn

Question 69

rate = entropy =

Answer 69

= min = max

Question 70

the thing that maximises the states corresponds to theee

Answer 70

equilibrium

Question 71

non eq to equilibrium how does W and S work

Answer 71

W ne < W S ne < Se so we want equilibrium!!!!