4D's and HCPC guidelines Flashcards
(22 cards)
what are the 4D’s
deviance
dysfunctional
distress
danger
what can affect a diagnosis using the 4 D’s
culture
history
situation
age
gender
how is deviance measured
statistics and normal distribution
name some conditions where deviance is a major symptom
tourettes
body dysmorphia
hoarding
define what it means to be deviant
behaviours, emotions and thoughts that deviate from social or cultural norms
define what it means to be dysfunctional
behaviours and feelings that interfere with the persons ability to function in daily life
name some conditions where dysfunction is a major symptom
depression
OCD
social anxiety
define what it means to be distressed
negative behaviours and feelings that cause distress to the individual or others around them that are considered abnormal
name some conditions where distress is a major symptom
anxiety
panic
PTSD
define danger
behaviours and feelings that are potentially harmful to the individual or others around them that are considered abnormal
name some conditions where danger is a major symptom
psychotic disorders (schizophrenia)
conduct disorder
EUPD
what acronym is used to evaluate the 4 D’s and what does it stand for
S upporting studies
C redibility
O pposing studies
D ifferent explanations
A pplications
evaluate the 4 D’s using supporting studies
research supporting shows the 4 D’s help to identify abnormal behaviour
davis (2009) suggested that the 4 D’s offer a practical framework for identifying when someone’s behaviour may need clinical attention
this supports the usefulness and relevance of the 4 D’s as a part of the diagnostic process
evaluate the 4 D’s credibility
they increase the credibility of diagnosis by offering a structured approach
using a check list of the 4 D’s helps clinicians make more consistent decisions especially on initial assessments
this boosts professional confidence and improves the standardisation of mental health evaluations
evaluate the 4 D’s using opposing studies
some studies show that the 4 D’s don’t always lead to accurate or consistent diagnosis
rosenhan found that even trained psychiatrists wrongly diagnosed healthy people as mentally ill showing that such frameworks can still be unreliable
this questions the validity of the 4 D’s and shows they can be misapplied in real settings
evaluate the 4 D’s using different explanations
the 4 D’s only offer a surface level approach and ignore underlying causes
biological or cognitive models look at deeper reasons behind behaviour, such as neurotransmitter imbalances or irrational thinking
meaning that the 4 D’s may lack explanatory power and work better alongside full diagnostic criteria like the DSM and ICD
evaluate the 4 D’s applications
the 4 D’s are useful in mental health settings
they help GP’s, social workers and school staff decide when to refer someone for further psychological assessment
this shows strong practical applications in every day decision making beyond formal diagnosis
name 5 HCPC guidelines
- being able to communicate effectively
- be able to practise in a non discriminatory manner
- be able to practise safely and effectively within their scope of practice
- understand the importance of and be able to maintain confidentiality
- be aware of the impact of culture, equality and diversity on practice
what is the description of the 8th HCPC guideline
use appropriate non verbal and verbal skills in English and be able to modify language based on who they are speaking to
what is the description of the 1st HCPC guideline
know your limits and recognise the need to manage their own workload
what is the description of the 7th HCPC guideline
understand when its acceptable to break confidentiality and when it isn’t and be able to respond well in different situations
what is the description of the 5th HCPC guideline
understand the impact of differences like gender, sexuality, ethnicity, culture, religion and age on psychological well being and be able to adapt to meet their needs
