4th exam - Brain And Cranial Nerves Flashcards by Vivian Caloobanan

What are the four majors divisions of the brain?

Brain stem
Cerebellum
Diencephalon
Cerebrum

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What are the functions of the brain?

Receives sensory input
Integrated new and stored information
Sends motor output
Also responsible for perception,memory, emotion, and behavior

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Protective coverings of the brain

Cranium
Cranial meninges
Cerebrospinal fluid

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What are the brain ventricles?

Two lateral ventricles
Third ventricle
Fourth ventricle

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This substance:
Protects the brain,
Transports substances between blood and nervous tissue
Circulated through four cavities (ventricles) in brain

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

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The brain stem consists of:

Medulla oblongata
Pons
Midbrain

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What is the sensory function of the medulla oblongata?

Touch
Taste
Tasting
Equilibrium
Proprioception

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What is the motor function of the medulla oblongata?

Control the skeletal muscles of limbs and trunk

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What is the integrative function of the medulla oblongata?

Regulates:
Heart rate
Stroke volume of heart
Diameter of blood vessels
Ventilation rate

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Part of the brain stem that is responsible for:
Communication between two sides of cerebellum and cerebrum and the rest of the brain
Regulation of ventilation rate

Pons

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Part of the brain stem responsible for:
Sensory function (hearing)
Motor function (eye muscles)
Communication between cerebrum and spinal cord

Midbrain

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Part of the brain that regulate balance and posture, and coordinate skilled movements

Cerebellum

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What does the diencephalon consists of?

Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Epithalamus

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Part of the diencephalon that relays sensory information from brain stem to cerebrum, and the communication between cerebrum and cerebellum

Thalamus

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Part of the diencephalon that is a component of both nervous and endocrine systems and is a major regulator of homeostasis

Hypothalamus

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Functions of the hypothalamus

Controls ANS
Regulates body temperature
Regulates biological clock
Regulates eating and drinking
Regulates emotions and behavior

The epithalamus consists of:

Pineal gland

Habenular nuclei

Part of the epithalamus that is involved in regulation of biological clock releasing melatonin

Pineal body

Part of the epithalamus that is involved in smell

Habenular nuclei

Largest part of the brain and consists of two cerebral hemispheres

Cerebrum

Connects the two cerebral hemispheres

Corpus callosum

Superficial layer of grey matter and is highly folded

Cerebral cortex

Part of the cerebrum that is the deep layer

Cerebral white matter

Raised ridges on the cerebrum

Gyri

Shallow valleys between gyri found on the cerebrum

Sulci

Part of the cerebrum consisting of deep valleys dividing lobes

Fissure

Four lobes of a cerebral hemisphere

Frontal lobe Parietal lobe Temporal lobe Occipital lobe

Masses of grey matter within white matter of cerebral hemispheres Regulate body temperature Suppress unwanted movements

Basal nuclei

Ring of structures encircling brain stem and corpus callosum Generates emotion Involved in olfaction Involved in memory

Limbic system

Term used to describe when the left side of cerebrum receives input from and send output to right side of body vice versa

Crossing over

Term used to describe when some mental functions are primarily (but not entirely) performed in particular hemisphere

Hemispheric lateralization

Which hemisphere has: Reasoning Numerical skill Language

Left hemisphere

Which hemisphere has: Musical and artistic skills Spatial and pattern perception Recognition of faces and emotional content of language

Right hemisphere