4th Lab Exam - Digestive & Urogenital Flashcards
(107 cards)
1
Q
Salivary glands
A
Bathes and moistens food with digestive enzymes
2
Q
Parotid gland
A
Secretes saliva to facilitate mastication and swallowing
3
Q
Submaxillary gland
A
Secretes mucous cells and salivary amylase for the breakdown of starch
4
Q
Sublingual gland
A
Secretes saliva predominantly mucous in character
5
Q
Molar gland
A
Secretes saliva
6
Q
Oral cavity
A
The opening of the mouth
7
Q
Lips
A
Opens and closes mouth for food intake and articulation of sound and speech
8
Q
Cheeks
A
Keeps food between the teeth; for mastication
11
Q
Vestibule
A
Contains sense organs responsible for balance (saccule and utricle)
12
Q
Hard palate
A
For feeding and speech from interaction with the tongue
13
Q
Soft palate
A
Closes off nasal passages when swallowing
14
Q
Nasopalatine ducts
A
Communicate between the nasal cavity and the mouth
15
Q
Tongue
A
Chief organ of taste; aids in mastication; swallowing and speech
16
Q
Filiform papillae
A
Acts as abrasive coating; gives tongue a cleaning and rasping action (grooming)
17
Q
Fungiform papillae
A
Distinguishes 5 tastes: sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and umami
18
Q
Vallate papillae
A
Sensation of taste
19
Q
Pharynx
A
Passage of food bolus into the esophagus
20
Q
Isthmus of the fauces
A
Connects the oral cavity and the cavity of the pharynx
21
Q
Tonsillar fossa
A
Houses palatine tonsil
22
Q
Palatine tonsil
A
Produces antibodies against respiratory infection
23
Q
Frenulum
A
Attaches the tongue to the floor of the mouth and restrains it
24
Q
Flattened papillae (ducts of submaxillary and sublingual glands)
A
Drains saliva from the submaxillary and sublingual glands; for gleeking
25
Q
Glossopalatine arch
A
Forms the anterior margin of the tonsillar fossa
26
Q
Pharyngopalatine arch
A
Forma the posterior margin of the tonsillar fossa
27
Nasopharynx
Passage of air
28
Eustachian tubes
Connects pharynx to the cavity of the middle ear
29
Esophagus
Passage of food from the mouth to the stomach
30
Epiglottis
Prevents fluid and food particle from entering the trachea
31
Hyoid
Anchors tongue and supports the larynx
32
Larynx
Protects the trachea; houses vocal folds; produces sound
33
Glottis
Produces sound (pronunciation); opening of larynx
34
Thyroid cartilage
Supports the ventral wall of the pharynx
35
Cricoid cartilage
Connect various ligaments, cartilages, and muscles involved in closing and opening of the airways; production of speech
36
Arytenoids
Supports the dorsal rim of the glottis between glottis and the opening to the esophagus
37
True vocal cords
Sound production (speech)
38
False vocal cords
Produce deep sounds (purring)
39
Thyroid glands
Regulate body metabolism and blood calcium levels; produces hormones:
Triiodothyronine and Thyroxine - regulates rate of metabolism
Calcitonin - maintains calcium homeostasis
40
Pleural cavities or pleural sacs
Aid optimal functioning of lungs during breathing; contains pleural fluid
41
Parietal pleura
Covers the diaphragm of lungs and lines the inner walls of the chest
42
Mediastinal septum
Separates the left and right pleural sacs
43
Mediastinum
Contains the heart and all of the thoracic viscera except the lungs
44
Diaphragm
Separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity; aids in respiration
45
Central tendon of the diaphragm
Prevents constriction of the inferior vena cava or aorta; where the diaphragm inserts into
46
Lungs (L. Ant. Middle, post. Lobes; R. Ant., middle and post. medial & lateral lobules)
For respiration; effect aeration of blood; supply oxygen and expel caebon dioxide
47
Radix or root of the lung
Connects the lung to the trachea and heart
48
Pulmonary ligament (not a true ligament)
Connects the lung to the dorsal thoracic wall
49
Caval fold
Supports the postcaval vein
50
Pericardial sac or parietal pericardium
Keeps the heart contained in the chest cavity; anchor the heart within the mediastinum
51
Pericardial cavity
Space between parietal and visceral pericardium that contains serous/pericardial fluid for lubrication and heart movement
52
Visceral pericardium
Encloses the heart and roots of the great vessels
53
Thymus
Site of T-cell maturation
54
Dorsal aorta
Transports oxygenated blood to the rest of the body
55
Esophagus
Passage of food from the mouth to the stomach
56
Abdominal or peritoneal cabity
Holds bulk of the viscera
57
Peritoneum
Forma the lining of the abdominal wall
58
Visceral peritoneum
Serves as the covering layer of the viscera
59
Dorsal mesentery
Attaches the viscera to the dorsal body wall
60
Ventral mesentery
Attaches the viscera to the ventral body wall
61
Stomach
Mechanical digestion of food; storage of food
62
Cardia
Connects the esophagus to the stomach
63
Cardiac end of the stomach
Regulates the passage of food from the esophagus to the stomach
64
Lesser curvature
Concave; anterior; acts as the boundary pf the stomach
65
Greater curvature
Convex; posterior; acts as the boundary of the stomach
66
Fundus
Store accumulated gas from digestion; stores extra food; chief cells (pepsinogen); parietal cells (HCl), and goblet cells (mucin)
67
Body of the stomach
Mechanical digestion of food; storage of food
68
Pylorus
Connects the stomach to the duodenum
69
Pyloric sphincter
Prevents backflow of food (chyme) from the small intestines to the stomach; regulates passage of food (chyme) from the stomach to the duodenum
70
Mesogaster
Connects the stomach to the dorsal abdominal wall
71
Greater omentum
Protects the viscera from mechanical injury; storage of fat deposits
72
Lesser omentum (gastro-hepato-duodenal ligament)
Connects the lesser curvature of the stomach to the surface of the liver
73
Lesser peritoneal sac
Cavity formed by the greater and lesser omentum; allows continuity to the main abdominal coelom
74
Gastrohepatic ligament
Connects the lesser curvature of the stomach to the liver
75
Hepatoduodenal ligament
Connects the liver to the duodenum
76
Spleen
Mechanical filtration of RBC; produces lymphocytes to make antibodies to fight against foreign bodies
77
Gastrosplenic or gastrolenial ligament
Connects stomach to the spleen
78
Liver (right and left lobes - median and lateral; caudate)
Secretes bile for the emulsification of lipids; filters harmful substances from the blood; stores glycogen
79
Gall bladder
Stores bile
80
Hepatic ducts
Conveys bile away from the liver
81
Cystic duct
Conveys bile away from the gall bladder
82
Bile ducts
Conveys bile away from the liver and gall bladder and into the duodenum
83
Hepatic portal vein
Conveys blood from the gastrointestinal tract and spleen to the liver
84
Foramen epiploicum
Passage of communication between the lesser and greater sacs
85
Falciform ligament
Attaches the liver to the ventral abdominal wall / coelomic roof
86
Coronary ligament
Attaches the liver to the central tendon of the diaphragm
87
Small intestine
Enzymatic breakdown and chemical digestion of food; absorption
88
Duodenum
For the breakdown of food with enzymes (anylase, trypsin, lipase)
89
Mesoduodenum
Connects the duodenum to the dorsal body wall
90
Duodenorenal ligament
Connects the duodenum to the right kidney
91
Jejunum
Completes chemical digestion of food chyme; absorbs nutrients
92
Ileum
Absorbs bile salts and vitamin B12
93
Mesentery proper / Mesenterium
Suspends the jejunum and ileum form the dorsal abdominal wall
94
Pancreas
Exo: secretes digestive enzymes into the duodenum
Endo: secretes hormones like insulin and glucagon (islets of Langerhans) to regulate blood glucose levels
95
Pancreatic ducts
Join the pancreas to the common bile duct to supply pancreatic juices that aid in digestion
96
Ampulla of vater
Where the bile and pancreatic ducts unite; regulates the flow of pancreatic juice and bile
97
Large intestines
Reabsorption of water and vitamins; maintains the fluid balance of the body; breakdown of bacteria
98
Caecum
Absorbs fluid and salts that remain after the completion of intestinal digestion
99
Colon: ascending, transverse, descending
Reabsorption of water and vitamins; process wastes in the body and prepare for its elimination; breakdown of bacteria
100
Rectum
Temporary storage of waste
101
Mesorectum
Mesentery supporting the rectum
102
Ileocolic valve
Limits reflux/backflow of colonic contents into the ileum
103
Mesocolon
Connects the colon to the dorsal body wall
104
Median ligament of the urinary bladder
Covers the ventral surface of the urinary bladder
105
Lateral ligament of the urinary bladder
Covers the sides of the urinary bladder
106
Lymph glands
Filter lymph; transport substances apart from blood; release lymphocytes
107
Lymph nodules / Peyer's patches
Filter foreign particles from blood; aid in immune system
108
Stomach rugae
Allows the expansion of the stomach
109
Small intestine villi
Increase the absorptive surface area of the small intestines; secretes mucous
