4th Year Additions

Question 1

how to dose in extremes of BMI?

Answer 1

use ideal weight

Question 2

three ways staph aureus can cause infection

Answer 2

1. toxin release cause distant infection
2. local tissue destruction
3. haematogenous spread

Question 3

distant infections caused by staph aureus

Answer 3

scalded skin syndrome
preformed toxin in food
toxic shock

Question 4

what causes TB to be latent?

Answer 4

granuloma formation prevents bacterial growth and spread

Question 5

sign in moraxella catarrhalis?

Answer 5

hockey puck sign

Question 6

what is the mantoux test?

Answer 6

tuberculin skin test for TB

Question 7

complication of influenza

Answer 7

Reye syndrome

Question 8

what is Reye syndrome

Answer 8

encephalopathy

fatty degenerative liver failure

Question 9

antiviral options in influenza

Answer 9

oseltamivir

zanamivir

Question 10

how long cause PEP be given for after exposure?

Answer 10

72 hours

Question 11

what does PEP consist of?

Answer 11

tenofovir, emtricitabine and raltegravir

Question 12

how long is PEP given for after exposure?

Answer 12

28 days

Question 13

history questions for a fever in a returning traveller?

Answer 13

bites
fresh water
dust 
sexual activity
ticks
farms
caves
unwell contacts
stopovers

Question 14

where does oral vancomycin work?

Answer 14

only the gut

if needed for other indications than c. diff need IV

Question 15

c. diff hand washing

Answer 15

resistant to alcohol gel so needs hand washing with soap and water

Question 16

E. coli food poisoning causes

Answer 16

beef

milk

Question 17

salmonella food poisoning causes

Answer 17

eggs
poultry
meat

Question 18

campylobacter food poisoning causes

Answer 18

meat

unpasteurised milk

Question 19

staph aureus food poisoning causes

Answer 19

unpasteurised milk

undercooked food

Question 20

clostridium perfrinigens food poisoning causes

Answer 20

raw food

Question 21

listeria food poisoning causes

Answer 21

cheese

pate

Question 22

bacillus cereus food poisoning causes

Answer 22

rice

Question 23

causation of elephantiasis

Answer 23

lymphatic filariasis caused by parasites via mosquitoes

Question 24

diarrhoea causes without blood

Answer 24

norovirus
rotavirus
e. coli
c. perfringens
cholera

Question 25

diarrhoea causes with blood

Answer 25

``` shigella e. coli 0157 campylobacter salmonella enterocolitis yersinia enterocolitis c. diff ```

Question 26

define pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO)

Answer 26

pyrexia for >3 weeks with no identified cause after evaluation in hospital for 3 days or 3 or more outpatient visits

Question 27

history questions in PUO

Answer 27

``` travel diet animal contact medication recreational drugs sexual/ obstetric history FH ```

Question 28

what kind of virus is measles?

Answer 28

paramyxovirus

Question 29

how is measles spread?

Answer 29

droplets

Question 30

how to prevent measles?

Answer 30

MMR vaccine

Question 31

presentation of measles

Answer 31

pyrexia Koplik spots (small grey lesions on buccal mucosa) maculopapular rash

Question 32

management of measles

Answer 32

supportive | analgesia

Question 33

complications of measles

Answer 33

reactivation 10 years later in the brain (fatal)

Question 34

management of malaria

Answer 34

``` quinine mefloquine doxcycline chloroquine artesunate (severe falciparum malaria) ```

Question 35

what causes typhoid?

Answer 35

infection with salmonella typhi

Question 36

how is typhoid spread?

Answer 36

food | water

Question 37

how to prevent typhoid?

Answer 37

vaccine

Question 38

presentation of typhoid

Answer 38

``` fever HA diarrhoea rose spots (blanching maculopapular rash on trunk) splenomegaly ```

Question 39

management of typhoid

Answer 39

ceftriaxone ciprofloxacin fluids