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GI: Key Information > 4th Year Surgical Incisions > Flashcards

4th Year Surgical Incisions Flashcards

1
Q

otomy

A

cutting open

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2
Q

oscopy

A

viewing with a scope/ keyhole surgery

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3
Q

ectomy

A

removal

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4
Q

plasty

A

changing shape

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5
Q

pexy

A

fixing something in place

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6
Q

centesis

A

refers to puncturing with a needle

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7
Q

ostomy

A

creating a new opening

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8
Q

gram

A

refers to recording or imaging

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9
Q

define hemicolectomy

A

removal of a portion of the large intestine

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10
Q

Hartmann’s procedure

A

proctosigmoidectomy

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11
Q

whipple’s procedure

A

pancreaticoduodenectomy

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12
Q

Kocher incision

A

open cholecystectomy

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13
Q

chevron/rooftop/mercedes-benz

A

liver transplant, whipple, pancreatic surgery, upper GI surgery

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14
Q

hockey stick incision

A

renal transplant

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15
Q

mcburney incision

A

open appendicectomy

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16
Q

pfannenstiel or joel-Cohen

A

C/S

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17
Q

complications with surgical incision

A

breakdown can be indicated by pink serous discharge

burst abdomen

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18
Q

what does colic cause

A

restlessness

19
Q

what causes colic?

A

internal organs and visceral peritoneum have no somatic innervation so pain corresponds to the same level of entry as the dermatomes and splanchnic nerves

the visceral unmyelinated C-fibres enter at many levels and bilaterally

20
Q

right hemicolectomy

A

removal of caecum, ascending and proximal transverse colon

21
Q

left hemicolectomy

A

removal of distal transverse and descending colon

22
Q

high anterior resection

A

removal of sigmoid colon (sigmoid colectomy)

23
Q

low anterior resection

A

removal of sigmoid colon and upper rectum

24
Q

abdomino-perineal resectio (APR)

A

removal of rectum and anus, permanent colostomy

25
Q

what is a stoma

A

artificial union between a conduit and the outside world

26
Q

classification of a stoma

A
  1. colostomy
  2. ileostomy
  3. gastrostomy
  4. urostomy
27
Q

what is a colostomy?

A

colon brought flush onto the skin, LIF

28
Q

what is an ileostomy

A

ileum brought onto the skin
sprouted
RIF

29
Q

what is a gastrostomy?

A

artificial connection between stomach and abdominal wall

used for PEG feeding

30
Q

what is a urostomy?

A

opening of the urinary system onto the skin directly from the kidneys
make an ileal conduit
RIF

31
Q

types of colostomies

A
  • loop
  • end
  • paul-mikulicz
32
Q

what is a loop colostomy?

A

often temporary with a loop of colon is divided forming two stomas
often used to allow the distal portion of the bowel to heal post-surgery

33
Q

are end colostomies permanent?

A

yes

34
Q

what is mittlestec syndrome?

A

gall bladder stone blocks biliary tree

35
Q

most likely cause of a lump in the neck in <20

A

dermoid cyst

36
Q

what is Plummer’s disease?

A

hyperthyroidism with a single toxic nodule

37
Q

types of obstructions in the intestines

A
  1. small bowel obstruction
  2. large bowel obstruction
  3. ileus
  4. closed obstruction
38
Q

causes of ileus

A 
tricyclics
spinal injury
hypokalaemia
hyponatraemia
uraemia
sepsis
pancreatitis
post-surgery
39
Q

what is a closed obstruction?

A

two points

40
Q

how to tell the differences between small bowel and large bowel on XR?

A

small bowel has lines all the way across whereas large bowel doesn’t due to the presence of the haustra.

41
Q

what is gastroschisis?

A

protrusion of abdominal contents through a defect in the wall to the right of the umbilicus. Needs promptly surgical repair

42
Q

what is exomphalos?

A

abdominal contents outside the abdomen covered in peritoneum, Wharton’s jelly and amnion

surgical repair less urgent due to protection from membranes

43
Q

complication of gastrectomy

A

dumping syndrome

44
Q

what is dumping syndrome?

A

food of high osmotic potential being dumped in the jejunum causing oligemia

GI: Key Information (24 decks)

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