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GI: Key Information > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

retroperitoneal parts of the colon

A

ascending colon

descending colon

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2
Q

intraperitoneal parts of the colon

A

caecum
transverse colon
sigmoid colon

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3
Q

what runs through the colon

A

teniae coli with omental appendices

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4
Q

define parabolic gutters

A

pus collection common between lateral aspects of the ascending and descending colon

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5
Q

most common position of the appendix

A

retrocaecal

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6
Q

how is the appendix connected to the caecum

A

appendiceal orifice

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7
Q

where is McBurney’s point?

A

1/3rd of the way between the anterior superior iliac spine and the umbilicus

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8
Q

define the sigmoid mesocolon

A

the sigmoid has a long mesentery which risks volvulus

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9
Q

three midline branches of the abdominal aorta and the level they leave

A

coeliac trunk T12
superior mesenteric artery L1
inferior mesenteric artery L3

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10
Q

lateral branches of the abdominal aorta and level they leave

A

renal artery L1

gonadal artery L2

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11
Q

what does the abdominal aorta bifurcate into and what level?

A

common iliacs at L4 which further bifurcates into the internal and external iliac arteries

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12
Q

branches of the SMA to supply the colon (to 2/3rd transverse)

A 
appendicular (jejunal and ileal arteries)
ileocaceal branches
right colic artery
middle colic
inferior pancreaticduodenal
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13
Q

branches of the IMA to the colon

A

left colic artery
sigmoid arteries
superior rectal artery

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14
Q

what is the marginal artery of Drummond?

A

this is an anastomosis between the SMA and IMA

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15
Q

which artery supplies the anal canal beyond the pectinate line

A

internal iliac artery

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16
Q

position of the IVC

A

retroperitoneal

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17
Q

what does the IVC drain

A

drains the hepatic veins into the right atrium

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18
Q

what does the hepatic portal vein drain?

A

foregut
midgut
hindgut
to the liver

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19
Q

what does the splenic vein drain?

A

drains blood from the foregut organs to the HPV

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20
Q

what does the superior mesenteric vein drain

A

midgut organs to the HPV

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21
Q

what does the IMA drain

A

hindgut to the splenic vein

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22
Q

three portal-systemic anastamosis

A

umbilicus
distal end of oesophagus
rectum/anal canal

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23
Q

portal-systemic anastomosis of the oesophagus

A 
superior= azygous vein
inferior= hepatic portal vein
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24
Q

which ribs is the liver protected by?

A

7-11

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25
Q

four lobes of the liver

A
  • caudate
  • left
  • right
  • quadrate
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26
Q

ligament between the right and left lobes of the liver anteriorly

A

falciform ligament with a round ligament (remnant of the umbilical vein)

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27
Q

what are the four branches that each of the 8 functional segments of the liver has

A

hepatic artery
hepatic portal vein
bile duct
venous drainage

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28
Q

what does the IVC and hepatic veins lack?

A

valves so increased venous pressure backs up to the liver

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29
Q

what does the portal triad run in?

A

hepatoduodenal ligament

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30
Q

structures in the portal triad

A
  • hepatic artery proper
  • hepatic portal vein
  • bile duct
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31
Q

what does the coeliac artery branch into?

A
  • left gastric artery
  • splenic artery (very torturous course)
  • common hepatic artery
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32
Q

which ribs protect the spleen

A

9-11

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33
Q

location of the spleen

A

intraperitoneal

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34
Q

major blood supply of the stomach

A
  • right and left gastric arteries along the lesser curvature

- right and left gastro-mental arteries along and greater curvature and greater omentum

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35
Q

blood supply to the liver

A

dual supply

  • right and left hepatic arteries into the hepatic artery proper
  • hepatic portal vein
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36
Q

two recesses in the greater sac

A
  • hepatorenal recess

- rectovesical/uterine pouch

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37
Q

what does the HPV drain?

A

foregut, midgut and hindgut

38
Q

what forms the HPV

A

splenic vein and SMV

39
Q

where does the IMV drain into

A

splenic vein

40
Q

what does the IVC drain

A

blood from hepatic veins into the right atrium

41
Q

three parts of the gall bladder

A

fundus
body
neck

42
Q

which duct brings bile to the gallbladder

A

cystic duct

43
Q

blood supply to the gall bladder

A

cystic artery from the right hepatic artery (located in the cytohepatic triangle of Calot)

44
Q

sections of the pancreas

A 
uncinate process
head
neck
body
tail
45
Q

position of the pancreas

A

retroperitoneal

46
Q

location of the aorta compared to the pancreas

A

anterior to the uncinate process to enter mesentery proper

47
Q

where does bile drain

A

2nd part of the duodenum via the CBD

48
Q

what forms the CBD

A

common hepatic duct and pancreatic duct

49
Q

how does the CBD connect to the duodenum

A

ampulla of vater, sphincter of ODDI and major duodenal papilla

50
Q

duodenal blood supply

A

gastroduodenal artery from superior and inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery

51
Q

define lacteals

A

lymphatic vessels of the small intestine which drain via the left venous angle and thoracic duct

52
Q

venous angle location

A

junction between the subclavian and internal jugular veins

53
Q

adult dentition

A

1 and 2 incisors
3 canine
4 and 5 premolars
6, 7 and 8 molars (8 are wisdom)

54
Q

TMJ

A

mandibular fossa
articular tubercle
condylar process
articular disc for movement

55
Q

muscles of mastication

A
  • temporalis (close)
  • masseter (close)
  • medial pterygoid (close)
  • lateral pterygoid (open
56
Q

what supplies the muscles of mastication

A

trigeminal nerve (CNIII) from pons through foramen ovale

57
Q

four papillae on anterior tongue

A
  • foliate
  • fungiform
  • filiform
  • vallate
58
Q

what supplies the taste of the tongue

A

facial nerve (CNVII)

59
Q

where does the parotid gland secrete?

A

2nd molar

60
Q

where does the submandibular gland secrete?

A

lingual caruncle

61
Q

what is the UOS muscle called?

A

cricopharygeus (C6- begins the oesophagus)

62
Q

parts of the stomach

A 
- cardia
fundus
body
pyloric sphincter
greater curvature
lesser curvature
incisura angularis
63
Q

foregut

A

oesophagus to mid-duodenum
liver and gallbladder
spleen
1/2 pancreas

64
Q

midgut

A

mid-duodenum to 2/3rd transverse colon

1/2 pancreas

65
Q

hindgut

A

2/3rd transverse colon to proximal 1/2 anal canal

66
Q

peritoneum

A

continuous membrane comprising of parietal and visceral layers

67
Q

define intraperitoneal

A

almost completely converted in visceral peritoneum

68
Q

define retroperitoneal

A

only visceral peritoneum on anterior surface

69
Q

define mesentery (intraperitoneal)

A

double layered visceral peritoneum

70
Q

role of the mesentery

A

connects organ to posterior body wall

71
Q

omentum

A

greater and lesser

double layer of peritoneum that passes from stomach to adjacent organs

72
Q

peritoneal ligaments

A

double layered peritoneum connecting organs to one another and the body wall

73
Q

define mesentery proper

A

of the small intestine

74
Q

greater omentum

A

four layered attaches to the greater curvature of the stomach to the transverse colon, acts as an apron

75
Q

lesser omentum

A

double layered attaches lesser curvature and duodenum to liver, it has a free edge

76
Q

what lies in the free edge of the lesser omentum

A

portal triad

77
Q

how do the lesser and greater sac communicate?

A

omental foramen

78
Q

paracentesis

A

lateral to rectus sheath to avoid inferior epigastric artery rising from the external iliac artery

79
Q

where do sympathetic nerves leave the spinal cord to supply abdominal organs

A

T5-L2

80
Q

what is special about the sympathetic innervation of the adrenal gland

A

leaves the spinal cord at T10-L1 and does not synapse but is instead carried with the periarterial plexuses and synapses straight into cells

81
Q

parasympathetic innervation of abdominal organs

A

vagus nerve= to the transverse colon

S2, 3 and 4= descending colon to anal canal

82
Q

midgut dermatomes

A

T8-T12

83
Q

hindgut dermatomes

A

T12-L2

84
Q

foregut dermatomes

A

T6-T9

85
Q

location of the pelvic cavity

A

between the pelvic inlet and pelvic floor (elevator ani muscle)

86
Q

what level is the recto-sigmoid junction

A

S3

87
Q

levator ani muscles

A
  • iliococcygeus
  • pubococcygeus
  • puborectalis
88
Q

what causes contraction of external anal sphincter?

A

pudenal nerve S2, 3 and 4

89
Q

sympathetic innervation of anal canal

A

T12- L2

90
Q

parasympathetic innervation of anal canal

A

S2- S4

GI: Key Information (24 decks)

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