5

Question 1

what are bound molecules called

Answer 1

ligands

Question 2

is ligand binding covalent

Answer 2

nah

Question 3

where does ligang binding occur and what interactions help it

Answer 3

H-bonds, ionic interactions, hydrophobic ,van der waals

Question 4

is ligand binding cooperative or non-cooperative

Answer 4

both

Question 5

what are cofactors

Answer 5

additional chemical components that assist in enzyme function

Question 6

what are the two types of cofactors

Answer 6

metal ions and coenzymes

Question 7

what is a prosthetic group

Answer 7

metal ions or coenzymes associated with a protein

Question 8

name all the enzyme types and classifications

Answer 8

1. oxidoreductase
2. transferase
3. hydrolase
4. lyases
5. isomerase
6. ligase
7. translocase

Question 9

what category do kinases fall into?

Answer 9

trasnferases

Question 10

what are lyases also called

Answer 10

synthases

Question 11

what category do dehydratases and decarboxylases fall into

Answer 11

lyases

Question 12

what are ligases also called

Answer 12

synthetases

Question 13

EC 3.4.21.4 describe what each number means

Answer 13

class substrate mechanism specificity

Question 14

what are the 4 ways in which enzymes increase the reaction rate

Answer 14

participate in the reaction
desolvation
proximity and orientation
stabilizing transition state

Question 15

what are the 3 ways in which enzymes can participate in a reaction

Answer 15

acid/base catalysis
nucleophilic catalysis
metal ion catalysis

Question 16

how does RNase act as an acid/base catalyst

Answer 16

His 12 = base
His 119 = acid

Question 17

what does pH sensitivity relate to in catalysis

Answer 17

acid/base reactions
nucleophilic reactions
denaturation

Question 18

how can metal ions participate in a reaction

Answer 18

binding/orientation
stabilize TS
reduction / oxidation centres

Question 19

what is carbonic anhydrase

Answer 19

metalloenzyme

Question 20

how does PEP carboxykinase work

Answer 20

assisted by metal ion cofactors
active site brings groups together
phosphoryaltes pyruvate

Question 21

what enhances the difference between activation energies

Answer 21

transition state not substrate

Question 22

what is the nucleophilic AA in hexokinase

Answer 22

Asp

Question 23

what kind of enzymes are serine proteases

Answer 23

hydrolases

Question 24

how many domains in serine proteases

Answer 24

2

Question 25

what kind of domains in serine proteases

Answer 25

beta barrels

Question 26

are serine proteases extracellular or intracellular

Answer 26

disulphide bridges extracellular

Question 27

how are serine proteases synthesizes

Answer 27

zymogens

Question 28

how are serine proteases activated

Answer 28

cleavage of peptide chain

Question 29

what composes the catalytic triad

Answer 29

His 57 (acid/base)
Ser 195 (nucleotide)
Asp 102 (modulation of His 57)

Question 30

what forms the oxyanion hole

Answer 30

Gly 193 and Ser 195

Question 31

which amino acids contribute to zymogen activation

Answer 31

Asp 194 and Ile 16

Question 32

where does chymotrypsin cleave peptides

Answer 32

after large hydrophobic

Question 33

where does trypsin cleave peptides

Answer 33

after large positively charged residues

Question 34

where does elastase cleave peptides

Answer 34

SMALL nonpolsr

Question 35

what is the function of the oxyanion hole

Answer 35

TS stabilization

Question 36

what area from the AA form the oxyanion hole

Answer 36

backbone NH