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Question 1

Pathogenesis of fetal hydrops

Answer 1

Increased cardiac output demand causing heart failure
Increased fluid movement into interstitial spaces (third spacing)

Question 2

Clinical features of fetal hydrops

Answer 2

Pericardia! effusion
• Pleural effusion
• Ascite
• Skin edema
• Placental edema
• Polyhydramnios

Question 3

Immune causes of fetal hydrops

Answer 3

Rh(D) alloimmunization

Question 4

Nonimmune causes of fetal hydrops

Answer 4

o Parvovirus B19 infection
o Fetal aneuploidy
o Cardiovascular abnormalities
o Thalassemia (eg, hemoglobin Barts)

Question 5

Parvovirus B19 is highly cytotoxic to fetal red blood cell precursors, which can cause

Answer 5

severe fetal anemia

Question 6

Parvovirus 819 infection in pregnancy can cause :

Answer 6

nonimmune fetal hydrops, or excessive fluid accumulation in the interstitium (eg, pericardia! or
pleural effusions, ascites )

Question 7

Parvovirus B19 infection may be asymptomatic in adults but is commonly acquired

Answer 7

by respiratory transmission from
young children who typically have a slapped-cheek facial rash.