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Anatomy II > 5. Arteries and veins of the thoracic limb > Flashcards

5. Arteries and veins of the thoracic limb Flashcards

1
Q

What’s the main arteries of the thoracic limb?

A

A. axillaris

  • A. brachialis
  • A. subscapularis

A. mediana

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2
Q

What is the main artery of the thoracic limb and which artery does it arise from with continuation?

A

A. axillaris

It is the MAIN CONTINUATION of a. subclavia.

Will branch off before the subclavia comes around the 1st rib. Will run on the medial side of the limb to the regio of articulatio humeri

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3
Q

Which other vessels will run along next to a. axillaris

A

v. axillaris

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4
Q

In Ru which other structure beside A. axillaris will also contribute to supply thoracic limb?

A

A. cervicalis superficialis, but mainly A. axillaris still main imp one.

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5
Q

Which two structures generally arises from a. axillaris before it’s main division?

A

A. thoracica externa
A. suprascapularis

A. suprascapularis only Bo, Eq!
- In other species it’s a branch of a. cervicalis superficialis

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6
Q

A. thoracica exerna;

  • Branch of
  • Supply
  • Origin
  • Species
  • Other imp?
A

Branch of a. axillaris

Supply generally mm. pectorales. (!not thoracica interna, as this is from subclavia)

From thorax and sternum
Found in all species

Species differences of supplying further beside Mm. pectorales.

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7
Q

A. suprascapularis;

  • Branch of
  • Supply
  • Origin
  • Species
  • Other imp?
A

Branch of a. axillaris

It will run on the cranial margin of the scapula, between m. subscapularis and m. supraspinatus.

Origin in front of main division of a. axillaris

Supply

  • articulatio humeri,
  • Msubscapularis
  • M. supraspinatus
  • Small branches of a. suprascapularis supply articulatio humeri.

Bo, Eq only!

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8
Q

Describe specie differences of a. suprascapularis

A

In Eq, Bo is it a branch of A. axillaris for thoracic limb

In other species is it a branch of a. cervicalis superficialis which is a further branch of a. subclavia

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9
Q

Where does the main division for a. axillaris divide?

A

On the medial side of the area of art. humeri

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10
Q

What’s the main division of a. axillaris?

A

a. subscapularis

a. brachialis

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11
Q

A. subscapularis

  • Branch of
  • Supply
  • Origin
  • Species
  • Other imp?
A

A. axillaris

  • Runs dorsally on the caudal margin of the scapula, between m. teres major and m. subscapularis.

! 3 branches

  • a. circumflexa humeri caudalis
  • a. thoracodorsalis
  • a. circumflexa scapulae
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12
Q

a. circumflexa humeri caudalis

Branch of
Origin
Supply 
Branches
Other imp
A
  • Main branch of a. subscapularis
  • Will start on the caudal side, and run around the humerus.
  • Supply the lateral muscles near the proximal epiphysis of the humerus.
  • Branches:
    1. r. proximalis
  1. a. collateralis radialis
    (Not in Eq!, branch of a. profunda brachii)
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13
Q

a. circumflexa humeri caudalis will anastomose with one artery in which specie/species?

A

Will anastomose with a. transversa cubiti in Ru and Sus.

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14
Q

Branches of a. circumflexa humeri caudalis are which and will supply what?

A

r. proximalis
- Supply; M brachialis, lateral head of M triceps brachii, M. teres minor

a. collateralis radialis (not in Eq!)
- Supply; M brachialis, lateral head of M triceps brachii, M pectoralis ascendens and M. tensor fasciae antebrachia

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15
Q

a. thoracodorsalis

Branch of
Origin
Supply 
Branches
Other imp
A

A. subscapularis

Continues caudo-dorsally, will run on the medial surface of the limb, across m. teres major and m. latissimus dorsi

Supply generally M. Latissimus dorsi

Will on M. latissimus dorsi give of muscular branches called rr. musculares which will along the way supply other muscles*

! In, Cap, Eq, Bo: Could be a branch of a. brachialis

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16
Q

a. circumflexa scapulae

Branch of
Origin
Supply
Branches

A

a. subscapularis

Will start off running on the caudal margin of scapula, then on the lateral surface of the scapula.

Supply 
- M. supraspinatus
- M. infraspinatus 
- M. deltoideus
 = the muscles on the lateral surface of the scapula.
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17
Q

Which artery is the main continuation of a. axillaris and why?

A

A brachialis

Will run along the medial side of the antebrachium with v. brachialis and n. medianus on the level of the humerus

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18
Q

What’s the branches of a. brachialis?

A

a. circumflexa humeri cranialis
a. profunda brachii
a. collateralis ulnaris *

a. brachialis superficialis
- Only in Car

a. bicipitalis *
a. transversa cubiti *

R. muscularis
- Only in Bo

a. interossea communis

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19
Q

a. circumflexa humeri cranialis

Branch of 
Origin
Supply 
Branches 
Other imp?
A

Branch of a. brachialis

 Origin around proximal hypophysis near Humerus, but from cranial to caudal surface.
- Different origins in species, since in
Ru, Car it could be a branch directly from a. axillaris.
Or in Bo, Su a branch of a. subscapularis

Generally supply M. coracobrachialis and M. biceps brachii

! Will anastomose with a. circumflexa humeri caudalis which is a branch of a. subscapularis

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20
Q

How does a. circumflexa humeri cranialis differ in Eq and Su?

A

That the artery supplies as well M. pectoralis ascendens, M. subscapularis and M. teres major

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21
Q

a. profunda brachii

Branch of
Origin
Supply
Specie differences?

A

Branch of a. brachialis

Strong branch well developed in Eq and Car & thin in Su, Ru (can be absent)

Runs caudally and
Supply M. Triceps brachii generally.

In Eq; Supply M. biceps brachii, M. brachialis, M. anconeus as well.

Only in Eq arises a. collateralis radialis. In other species it’s the branch of
a. circumflexa humeri caudalis.

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22
Q

In which species does a. profunda brachii anastomoses and with which artery?

A

In Eq, Ru, Car: Anastomoses with a. collateralis ulnaris

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23
Q

a. collateralis ulnaris

Branch of
Origin
Supply
Specie differences?

A

Branch of a. brachialis

Caudal surface of thoracic limb
Origin at the level of the olecranon ulna continues medially of elbow joint to caudal surface of antebrachium.

Supply generally flexors of thoracic limb since it continues on caudal surface of antebrachium. (distally)

24
Q

a. brachialis superficialis

Branch of
Origin
Supply
Specie differences?

A

Only in Car.
A branch of a. brachialis

Has 2 branches
– r. medialis: Runs and supply metacarpus and dorsal surface of digits
– a. antebrachialis superficialis cranialis: Metacarpus and dorsal surface of digits, but only 2nd 5th digit.

25
Q

a. bicipitalis

Branch of
Origin
Supply
Specie differences?

A

Branch of a. brachialis

Runs cranially from the a. brachialis above elbow joint

Supply: 
- M. biceps brachii
- M. brachialis
- M. brachiocephalicus  
- M. coracobrachialis
- M. extensor carpi radialis
  = cranial muscles of the humerus

 Can be the branch of a. transversa cubiti or a. brachialis superficialis in Car.

In Ru, Su: Anastomoses with a. circumflexa humeri caudalis

26
Q

a. transversa cubiti

Branch of
Origin
Supply
Specie differences?

A

a. brachialis

Continues on cranial surface of antebrachium, at the level of elbow joint

Sometimes common origin with a. bicipitalis

Supply generally extensors of thoracic limb

 In Ru, Su, Eq: Arises a. antebrachialis superficialis

In Car: Independent branch of a. brachialis.

27
Q

R. muscularis

Branch of
Origin
Supply
Specie differences?

A

Branch of a. brachialis in Bo

Strong muscular branch in Bo!!

Origin; Close to a. interossei communis

Supply flexors of antebrachium

28
Q

R. muscularis anastomoses with which arteries?

A

With a. interossea communis and a. collateralis ulnaris.

29
Q

a. transversa cubiti anastomoses with which arteries?

A

Anastomoses with branches of a. interossea communis

30
Q

a. interossea communis

Branch of
Origin
Supply
Branches?

A

Branch of a. brachialis

Level of Spatium interosseum antebrachium proximale, runs btw space of radius and ulna.
Below elbow joint.

Divided into 2 branches;

  • a. interossea caudalis
  • a. interossea cranialis
31
Q

What’s the branches of a. interossea caudalis and what do they supply?

A

a. interossa caudalis
- Runs in front of entrance of spatium
Continues on caudal surface of radius
- supply M. flexor digitalis profundus

a. interossea cranialis
- Continues through spatium after origin, distally - Supply extensors.

Divided into 2;
- r. carpeus dorsalis
Enters into rete carpi dorsale

  • r. interosseus
    In Ru, Su, Car: Continues on palmar surface.
32
Q

What’s the distal continuation of a. brachialis?

A

A. mediana

33
Q

A. mediana

Branch of
Origin
Supply
Branches?

A

Branch of a. brachialis

From level of a. interossea communis and continues medially and on palmar surface of radius.

Supply generally m. biceps brachii and flexors of thoracic limb

Generally 3 branches;

  • a. profunda antebrachii
  • a. radialis proximalis
  • a. radialis
34
Q

a. profunda antebrachii

Branch of
Origin
Supply
Specie differences?

A

Branch of a. mediana

Arises proximally

Supply caudal muscles of antebrachium; flexors

Absent in Sus
- Branch of a. brachialis

35
Q

a. radialis proximalis

Branch of
Origin
Supply
Specie differences?

A

Branch of a. mediana
(A branch only in Eq)

Arises distally to antebrachium

Supply Rete carpi palmare

36
Q

a. radialis

Branch of
Origin
Supply
Specie differences?

A

Branch of a. mediana
- In all domesticaed animals.

Origin differs in species 
In Ru, Sus, Car
–	At the middle of antebrachium 
In Eq
–	Distal part of antebrachium

Continue along medial margin on radius, and above carpus it divides into;

– r. dorsalis
Into rete carpi dorsale and continues to the phalanges distally as aa. metacarpae dorsales

– r. palmaris
Main continuation and arises distally to a. radialis

Into rete carpi palmares

In Car; Continues into arcus palmaris profundus

In Eq, Su, Ru; Continues into arcus palmaris profundus et superficialis

37
Q

Where will a. mediana further branch and which branches occur?

A

Enters into arcus palmaris superficialis after origin of a. radialis continues distally on palmar surface with branches.

  • aa. metacarpeae communes
  • aa. digitales palmares communes
  • aa. digitales palmares propriae
38
Q

What does the branch aa. metacarpeae communes supply?

A

Metacarpal bones

39
Q

What does the branch aa. digitales palmares communes supply and runs?

A

Supply the digits.
It’s common arteries supplying the digits.

Continue distally from aa. metaparpeae communes

40
Q

What does the branch aa. digitales palmares propriae supply?

A

Supply each digit

41
Q

How does a. mediana divide in Eq?

Describe the division.

A

Will be divided into 2 on palmar surface from the carpus into:

  • a. palmaris medialis
  • a. palmaris lateralis

a. palmaris medialis together with a. metacarpea palmaris ( + a. palmaris lateralis) enters into Arcus palmaris distalis, distally.

Continues from arcus branches for the digits
- a. digitalis palmaris lateralis et medialis and further into aa. digitales palmares propriae.

42
Q

Which are the two important venous systems of the thoracic limb?

A

The deep and superficial venous systems
Deep: v. axillaris
Superficial: v. cephalica

43
Q

What’s the position of v. axillaris in the venous system?

A

Lays beside, ventrally to a. axillaris

44
Q

What’s the branches of v. axillaris?

A

v. subscapularis
v. thoracodorsalis
v. brachialis
v. mediana
v. thoracica externa

45
Q

What does v. subscapularis drains?

A

Drains the blood from proximal part of area of scapula

46
Q

What does v. thoracodorsalis drains?

A

Drains blood from area of M. Latissimus dorsi, area that’s supplied by
a. thoracodorsalis.

47
Q

What does v. brachialis drains and how does it run?

A

Distally enters into v. axillaris

Drains blood from distal part of thoracic limb

48
Q

What does v. mediana drains and how does it run?

A

Drains blood from the digits

49
Q

What does v. thoracica externa drains and how does it run?

A

Drains thoracic wall and external part of sternum

50
Q

What’s the communication point between the two venous systems?

A

v. mediana cubiti

51
Q

What’s the superficial venous system?

A

v. cephalica

52
Q

What’s the position of v. cephalica?

A

On cranial surface of the thoracic limb, right under the skin

53
Q

What’s the branches of v. cephalcia?

A

v. cephalica accessoria

v. mediana cubiti

54
Q

v. cephalica accessoria continuation?

A

From distal part of the limb, on the dorsal surface of the limb

55
Q

v. mediana cubiti importance?

A

Blood from deep and superficial venous system is fused through this artery. Form communication point btw the two systems

56
Q

Which vessels are of clinical importance for pulse palpation and in which species?

A

For pulse palpation;

In Eq; a. mediana
In Bo; a. brachialis

57
Q

Which vessels are of clinical importance for blood sampling and in which species?

A

In Car, Fe; v. cephalica

Anatomy II (8 decks)

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