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Anatomy II > 3. Aorta abdominalis, v. cava caudalis, v. portae > Flashcards

3. Aorta abdominalis, v. cava caudalis, v. portae Flashcards

1
Q

Which part of the aorta does aorta abdominals belong to?

A

It’s the 2nd part of Aorta descendens, with aorta thoracica

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2
Q

Describe aorta abdominalis. It’s starting point to continuation

A

• Starts behind Diaphragm, behind Hiatcus aorticus –> in front of pelvic cavity.

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3
Q

What’s the continuation of aorta abdominalis on left and right side?

A

On left side it lies more on top of abdominal cavity

On the right side more towards v. cava caudalis

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4
Q

What’s typical for continuation of the aorta abdominlis on the right side along v. cava caudalis?

A

That it consists of many visceral and parietal branches that supply organs of;

  • abdominal cavity
  • parietal wall
  • abdominal wall/lumbar muscles
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5
Q

What’s the branches of aorta abdominalis?

A
  • a. abdominalis cranialis
  • a. coeliaca
  • a. mesenterica cranialis
  • aa. renales
  • aa. ovaricae/testiculares
  • a. mesenterica caudalis
  • aa. lumbales
  • sacralis mediana
  • Only in Ru, Su, Car: a. phrenica caudalis
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6
Q

a. phrenica caudalis;
- Specie differences
- Supply
- Origin

A
  • Only in Car, Ru, Sus
  • Supply dorsal part of diaphragm, for diaphragm pillars

Different origin depending on specie but around/inside Hiatus aorticus;
• In Car: Can have common origin with a. abdominalis cranialis or be an independent branch

  • In Sus, Ru: Mostly arises from a. coeliaca but sometimes interorigins that it’s arises from a. lumbalis or a. intercostalis dorsalis and continue into the muscular part of the diaphragm  Supplying diaphragma papillars
  • In Ca: a. phrenica caudalis dextra, on the right side arises independently as a. phrenicoabdominalis as a branch of a. renalis dextra.
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7
Q

In Eq, which branch from Aorta abdominalis supply the diaphragm?

A

The a. phrenica cranialis

as a branch of aorta thoracica

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8
Q

In which species can a. abdominalis cranialis be found?

A

In Car, Sus

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9
Q

Where is a. abdominalis cranialis situated and what does it supply?
Which side/s can be it be found at?

A
  • Situated close to Diaphragm
  • Supply: (abdominal muscles)
    M transversus abdominis
    M. obliquus internus abdominis

Partly continues into sublumbar muscles, fat around kidneys and glandulae adrenals with rr. adrenales

  • Generally a paired branch = Continuaing on both right and left side into abdominal muscles
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10
Q

Which are they imp branches of aorta descendens for organs of abdominal cavity?

A

a. coelica
a. mesenterica cranialis
aa. renales
aa. ovaricae/testiculare
a. mesenteria caudalis
aa. lumbales
a. sacralis mediana

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11
Q

What’s the 1st visceral branch in all domestic animals of aorta abdominalis and what does it supply?

A
  • A. coeliaca

- Suppy stomach, liver, spleen, pancreas and part of duodenum

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12
Q

What’s the 3 branches of a. coeliaca in monogastric animals?

What’s their origin?

A

o a. lienalis
- on left side to the spleen
o a. gastrica sinistra
- in the middle on the curvatura ventriculi minor
o a. hepatica
- on the right side to the area of the liver

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13
Q

What’s Tripus coeliacus and in which species?

A

Found in Eq, Car.

It’s that common branching point from a. coeliaca for a. lienalis , a. gastrica sinistra, a. hepatica

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14
Q

What’s the origin of a. coeliaca?

A

Arises from aorta abdominalis from ventral wall

“Cranial ventrally division of aorta abdominalis”

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15
Q

What’s the specie differences when it comes to Tripus coeliacus?

A

In Car, Eq; The 3 main branches of a. coeliaca form this structure and originate from some poisition

In Sus: Same branches but does not originate from one point and therefore not called Tripus coeliacus.

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16
Q

A. coeliaca, is it short/long , unpaired/paired trunk?

A

It’s a short and unpaired trunk

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17
Q

a. lienalis is a branch of which artery?

Describe it’s continuation

A

a. coeliaca, from aorta abdominalis

  • Branches out from aorta abdominalis, more to the left. Enters into lig. gastrolienale and into hilus lienalis of the spleen as rr. lienales.
    Continues on curvatura ventriculi major of stomach along Omentum majus/epiplome as a branch;
  • gastroepiploica sinistra
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18
Q

What’s the branch of the branch a. lienalis?

A

Along omentum majus of curvatura ventriculi major of stomach a. lienalis branches as;
- a. gastroepiploica sinistra

Which has 2 own branches; - - aa. gastricae brevis
- rr. pancreatici

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19
Q

a. gastroepiploica sinistra of a. lienalis has two branches, which are these and what does they supply?

A

aa. gastricae breves
- supply parietal and visceral surface of stomach

rr. pancreatici
- Branches supplying pancreas

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20
Q

a. gastrica sinistra is an branch off?

A

Independent branch of a. coeliaca

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21
Q

a. gastrica sinistra differs slightly in Eq, how?

A

That it’s divided into 2 branches
- r. parietalis et visceralis

In Car, Eq, Sus;
Only 1 branch
- rr esophagei

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22
Q

What does r. parietalis et visceralis in Eq supply?

A

Visceral and parietal surface of the stomach

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23
Q

What does rr. esophagei in Eq, Car, Sus supply?

A

Supply abdominal part of Esophagus

Short part of esophagus that’s entering into the stomach

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24
Q

What’s the 3rd branch of a. coeliaca and on which side can it be found and imp for

A

3rd branch = a. hepatica
Found on right side
Imp for livers nutrition

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25
Q

Describe the continuation of a. hepatica and it’s branches

A

Main trunk continue on visceral surface, along Margo dorsalis hepatis of liver through Porta hepatis where it branches off according to the nb of lobes depending on specie into many branches for stomach, pancreas and duodenum.

Branches:
- rr. pancreatici.
Supply Pancreas

  • a. gastrica dextra
    Supply stomach
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26
Q

The a. gastrica dextra is a branch of which artery?

What is its continuation?
What’s typical?

A

Branch of a. hepatica for curvatura ventriculi minor
- Continues in omentum minus along the curvatura ventriculi minor and anastomoses with a. gastrica sinistra
– Independent branch of a. coeliaca

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27
Q

Which arteries continues along curvatura ventriculi minor and which arteries are they branches of?

A
  • a. gastrica dextra: Branch of a. hepatica
  • a. gastrica sinistra: Independent branch of a. coeliaca

Eventually anastomoses

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28
Q

Which arteries continues along curvatura ventriculi major and which arteries are they branches of?

A
  • a. gastroduodenalis
  • a. gastroepiploica dextra: Branch of a. gastroduodenalis (which is a branch of a. hepatica from stomach to duodenum)
  • a. gastroepiploica sinistra: Branch of a. lienalis (which is a branch of a. coeliaca)
    a. gastroepiploica dextra/sinistra will eventually anastomose on curvatura ventriculi major
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29
Q

What’s the continuation of a. hepatica to duodenum?

Describe it’s continuation and further branches

A

a. gastroduodenalis along curvatura ventriculi major.

Further branches into;

  • a. pancreaticoduodenalis cranialis
  • a. gastroepiploica dextra
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30
Q

Where does a. gastroduodenalis branches ?

A

In the pancreas where it branches

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31
Q

After origin of a. gastrica dextra the a. hepatic continues into this artery

A

a. gastroduodenalis to the duodenum and curvatura ventriculi major

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32
Q

a. pancreaticoduodenalis craniales, branch of a. gastroduodenalis can be found on which side, left or right?

What does it generally supply?

A
  • From the left side
  • Supply pancreas and SI ( cranial part of duodenum)
    In Ru: two branches since they have a longer duodenum: aa. pancreaticoduodenales craniales
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33
Q

a. gastroepiploica dextra, branch of a. gastroduodenalis can be found on which side, left or right?

What does it generally supply?
Further branches?

A
  • From the right side

Further branches into aa. gastricae brevis;
For parietal and visceral surface of the stomach.

  • Further continues to curvatura ventriculi major where it anastomoses with a. gastroepliploica sinistra
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34
Q

Which artery continues to curvatura ventriculi major and anastomoses with a. gastroepiploica sinistra?

A

a. gastroepiploica dextra, anastomoses on the curvatura ventriculi major of the stomach

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35
Q

Which is the 2nd visceral branch of aorta abdominalis?

Where can it be found?

A
  • a. mesenterica cranialis

- caudally / behind a. coeliaca

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36
Q

A. coeliaca in Ru and what does it supply?

A
  • Short, unpaired trunk
  • Divided into 3 main branches as well
  • a. lienalis
  • a. gastrica sinistra
  • a. hepatica
    for rumen, reticulum, omasum and abomasum.
  • Supply: liver, spleen, pancreas and parts of duodenum
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37
Q

Position of a. lienalis in Ru and it’s branches?

A
  • Runs on dorsolateral surface of the rumen to the spleen with rr. renales

2 branches:

  • a. ruminalis sinistra
  • a. ruminalis dextra
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38
Q

a. ruminalis sinistra is a branch of and in which specie?

A

A branch of a. lienalis which is a branch of a. coeliaca.

- a. ruminalis sinistra = Ru.

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39
Q

a. ruminalis sinistra it’s:
- position
- sometimes a branch of which arteries
- Further branch of a. ruminalis sinistra is and supplying?

A
  • Runs in the sulcus longitudinalis sinistra ruminis
  • Sometimes the branch of; (directly?)
    a. gastrica sinistra
    a. coeliaca
  • Gives rise to a. reticularis that supplies rumen, reticulum, esophagus and partly diaphragm
40
Q

What’s the 2nd branch of a. lienalis in Ru?

  • It’s position
  • Sometimes a branch of?
A

a. ruminalis dextra

  • Runs in the sulcus longitudinalis dexter ruminis
  • Can sometimes be the branch of a. ruminalis sinistra
41
Q

A. gastrica sinistra in Ru.

Describe it’s position and continuation with further branches.

A
  • Runs ventrally, btw Rumen and reticulum on the right side.
    Continues on the curvatura abomasi minor.

Close to omasum it divides into 2 branches;

  • a. reticularis accessoria
  • a. gastroepiploica sinistra
42
Q

a. reticularis accessoria, branch of a. gastrica sinistra in Ru is imp for supplying of?

A

Rumen, reticulum and abomasum

43
Q

a. gastroepiploica sinistra, branch of a. gastrica sinistra in Ru
- continuation
- branches
- anastomoses where and with which artery?

A

The biggest of the 2 branches of a. gastrica sinistra

  • Continues on the curvatura abomasi major
  • Short branches; aa gastricae/abomasi breves
  • Main trunk of a. gastroepiploica sinistra continues on curvatura minor where it anastomoses with a. gastrica dextra
44
Q

What’s further branches of a. hepatica in Ru?

A
  • rr. pancreatici: For pancreas
  • a. gastrica dextra: Continues along curvatura abomasi minor
  • a. gastroduodenalis: Branches further into a. gastroepiploica dextra and aa. pancreaticoduodenales craniales
  • aa. phrenicae caudales
  • rr. adrenales craniales
45
Q

a. gastroduoedanlis in Ru

  • Position
  • Continuation
  • Main branches and their position and supply
A
  • Arise behind the origin of a. gastrica dextra
  • Continues along curvaturi abomasi major
  • Main branches:
    a. gastroepiploica dextra
    Runs to curvatura abomai major

aa. pancreaticoduodenales craniales
Supply cranial part of duodenum and pancreas
* Ru has longer duodenum and therefore 2 branches of this artery (aa.)

46
Q

aa. phrenicae caudales and rr. adrenales craniales in Ru

A

Branch of a. hepatica.
aa. phrenicae caudales: Origin and division in Ru in different from animal to animal

rr. adrenales craniales: Supply adrenal glands

47
Q

Which is the only animal having rr. pancreatici and what is it a branch of?

A
  • Ru

- Branch of a. mesenterica cranialis

48
Q

Differences between for a. mesenterica cranialis and caudalis

A
  1. a. mesenterica cranialis
  • Supply bigger part of intestine
  • Thicker and stronger in comparison to a. mesenterica caudalis
  • Has 7 (Ru 8) branches
  1. a. mesenterica caudalis
  • Supply generally only two parts of intestines; colon descendens and rectum
  • Thinner continuation of aorta abdominalis
  • Has only 2 branches
  • Both is unpaired vessel!
49
Q

What’s the branches of a. mesenterica cranialis

A

rr. pancreatici (Only in Ru)
a. pancreaticoduodenalis caudalis
aa. jejunales
a. ileocecocolica
r. colicus
a. colica dextra
a. colica media
a. cecalis

50
Q

a. pancreaticoduodenalis caudlalis, branch of a. mesenterica cranialis supply?

A

Supply pancreas and caudal part of duodenum

51
Q

aa. jejunales, branch of a. mesenterica cranialis position and supply?

A

Lays in longer Mesojejunum, many of them.

Supplying jejunum

52
Q

a. ileocecocolica branch of a. mesenterica cranialis and supply?

What is its branches?

A

Generally supply ileum, cecum, cranial part of colon
- Depending on animal r. colicus supply colon ascendens or a part of colon ascendens

Branches:
- rr. colicae: For colon. Continues into gyri centripetales of ansa spiralis coli

  • rr. cecales: For cecum
  • rr. ileales: For ileum
53
Q

r. colicus is a further branch from a. ileocecocolica (which is a branch of a. mesenterica cranialis) .
What is the specie differences of supplying of r. colicus?

A
  • In Su: Supply only gyri centripetales coli, colon ascendens
  • In Car: Supply colon ascendens
  • In Ru: Colon is very long therefore further division –>
    rr. colici  Supply only gyri centripetales coli on ansa spiralis
  • In Eq: Supply only ventral part of colon ascendens -> flexura pelvina
54
Q

Which artery is the main artery for colon ascendens?

A

a. colica dextra (branch of a. mesenterica cranialis)

55
Q

Since r. colicus of a. ileocecocolica supply colon ascendens partly another artery is also involved in the supply of the colons other parts, which?

What’s the specie differences?

A
  • In Eq: Dorsal part of colon ascendens
  • In Su: Gyri centrifugales coli of ansa spirales coli
  • In Ru: Gyri centrifugales coli are supplied by aa. colici dextrae
  • In Car: Colon ascendens supplied by aa. colici dextrae and r. colicus of a. ileocecocolia
56
Q

Which artery generally supply colon transversus?

Which arteries does it anastomose with?

A
  • a. colica media

- Anastomoses with a. colica dextra et sinistra

57
Q

Mention an independent branch of a. mesenterica cranialis.

What does it supply?
Further imp. features?

A
  • a. cecalis
  • Supply cecum
    Consist of the r. ilealis: For ileum;
  • In Eq: Continue into a. cecalis medialis et lateralis
  • In Su: Continue into:aa- cecales et rr. ileales
58
Q

Behind a. mesenterica cranialis many arteries can be found for organs, which?

A
  • a. adrenales/suprarenales in Su/Car
  • aa. renales dextra et sinistra
  • aa. ovaricae / testiculares
  • aa. lumbales
  • a. mesenterica caudalis
  • a. sacralis mediana: Absent In Eq
59
Q

A. renalis dextra et sinistra origin depends on specie, what’s the specie differences?

What does it supply?

A
  • In Eq: At the level of the a. mesenterica cranialis
  • In Car, Su: Caudally to the a. abdominalis cranialis
  • In Ru: Caudally to the a. mesenterica cranialis

Supply the kidneys

60
Q

What’s the 2 branches of a. renalis dextra et sinistra

  • What does they supply?
  • Where do the originate/arise from?
A

o rr. adrenales caudales
- For adrenal glands

o r. uretericus cranialis
- For ureter

  • A. renalis dextra generally arises from a. abdominals, cranially
  • A. renalis sinistra generally arises from a. abdominals, caudally
61
Q

What’s the further continuation of branches of, a. renalis dextra et sinistra in the kidney tissue?

A
  • aa. interlobares
  • aa. arcuate
  • aa. interlobulares
  • arteriolae glomerulares afferentes
  • arteriolae glomerulares efferentes
  • arteriolae rectae
62
Q

aa. interlobares of a. renalis dextra et sinistra continuation

A

Inside of kidney tissue, between the lobi renales

63
Q

aa. arcuate of a. renalis dextra et sinistra continuation

A

aa. interlobares continues on the border btw medulla and cortex where this artery can be found

64
Q

aa. interlobulares of a. renalis dextra et sinistra continuation

A

 Continuation of aa. Arcuate in cortex into the smaller part of the kidney tissue = aa. interlobulares

65
Q

arteriolae glomerulares afferentes of a. renalis dextra et sinistra continuation

A

Inside the cortex renis of aa. Interlobulares

* Smallest part

66
Q

arteriolae glomerulares efferentes of a. renalis dextra et sinistra continuation

A

Found in the corpusculum renale

67
Q

arteriole rectae of a. renalis dextra et sinistra continuation

A

Found in the medulla renis

68
Q

A. testicularis dextra et sinistra continues behind which artery and further into?
What’s it’s two parts?

A
  • Continues behind origin of a.renalis sinistra et dextra and continues from ventrall wall of a. abdominalis into inguinal canal

2 branches;

  • Pars recta
  • Pars convoluta
69
Q

The two parts of a. testicularis dextra et sinistra and it’s continuations

A

Pars recta;

  • Inside abdoinal cavity and continues into inguinal canal
  • It’s the straight part of a. testicularis

Pars convoluta;
- From continuation into inguinal canal and on testicles and epididymis

70
Q

What’s the main artery for testicle and epididymis?

A

a. testicularis dextra et sinistra

71
Q

Where and why is the a. testicularis further divided into 2 branches?
What do they supply?

A

From tunia albuginea for the epididymis.

  • r. epididymalis cranialis: Supply caput and partly corpus epididymis
  • r. epididymalis caudalis: Supply cauda epididymis
72
Q

In which specie can the a. testicularis be doubled?

A

Only in Bull.

73
Q

A. ovarica dextra et sinistra continuation and branches.

What does the branches supply?

A
  • Continue after origin from ventral lateral surface of aorta abdominalis runs in
    lig. latum uteri –> the ovarii
    o r. tubarius
  • For tuba uterina and bursa ovarica
    o r. uterinus (2)
  • For cornu uteri
74
Q

a. ovarica dextra et sinistra has the same origin as which arteries?

A

As a. testicularis and a. renalis

75
Q

Where does the aa. lumbales dextra et sinistra originate?

Which organs does it supply and with which branches?

Divsion and it’s branches is the same as which artery?

A

Dorsal wall of aorta abdominalis

Spinal cord with
- rr. spinales

Abdominal wall with

  • rr. musculares
  • rr. parietalis

Iliac area with
o rr. sublumbales

Division and it’s branches is the same as a.. intercostales dorsales

76
Q

Nb of aa. lumbales is the same as the nb of lumbar vertebrae. This gives interspecie differences according to the different composition of vertebrae.
Describe the specie differences

In Ru and Sus a further branch arise and what does it supply?

A

• In Ru: They have 6 or 7 lumbar vertebrae
But 4 or 5 pairs are branches of aorta abdominalis
6th or 7th pair are branches from a. sacralis mediana
• In Bo: The 6th pair of Aa. lumbales are branches of a. sacralis mediana

  • In Eq: 6 pairs of Aa lumbales, the last two are branches of a. iliaca interna
  • In Car: 7 pairs, the last pair, 7th is abranch from a. iliaca interna

In Ru, SusFrom Aa. lumbales
o rr. phrenici
– For diaphragm; diaphragm pillars,

77
Q

Which are the two main arteries for supplying the intestines?

A

a. mesenterica cranialis et caudalis

78
Q

a. mesenterica caudalis supply?

Which branches does it have and their supply?

A

Generally supply only 2 parts: colon descendens, rectum
o a. colica sinistra
- Supply middle part of the colon descendens,
- Anastomoses with a. colica media which supply colon transversum

o a. rectalis cranialis
- Supply caudal part of the colon descendens and rectum

79
Q

What’s the last branch of aorta abdominalis and it’s continuation?
Specie differences.

A

a. sacralis mediana

Continue on the ventral surface of sacral bone and on the ventral surface of the caudal vertebrae.
• In Ru, Su, Car
• In Eq: Present only sometimes

80
Q

What’s the function of vena cava caudalis?

What is the continuation?

A
  • Drains the blood from caudal part of body and enters into atrium dextrum of heart.
  • From pelvic limb, pelvic cavity, abdominal cavity and enters into atrium dextrum.
81
Q

Which part of cavites does v. cava caudalis enters and not enter, and why?

A

V. cava caudalis enters only into pelvic and abdominal cavity since thoracic part is without branches.

82
Q

The branches of v. cava caudalis drains blood from where?

A

From paired organs of abdominal cavity

83
Q

Which veins does the v. cava caudalis branches of into?

A

vv. phrenicae craniales
vv. heapticae
vv. phrenicae caudales
vv. abdominales craniales
vv. lumbales
vv. renales / adrenales
vv. ovaricae / testiculares

84
Q

vv. phrenicae craniales drains blood from?

A

Drains blood from diaphragm

85
Q

vv. heapticae drains blood from?

A

From the liver

86
Q

vv. phrenicae caudales drains blood from?

Position and further enters into?

A

Drains blood from diaphragm pillars; dorsal part of diaphragm

Caudally to the liver.
Enters into v. cava caudalis from Foramen v. cava caudalis

87
Q

vv. abdominales craniales in which species drains blood from abdominal muscle wall?

A

In Car, Su

88
Q

vv. lumbales drains blood from where?

A

Drains blood from sub-lumbal muscels and abdominal wall

89
Q

vv. renales, adrenales have some specie differences, what’s the different origination and branches?

A

• Right and left side

In Ru, Eq: On both left and right side enters the branch of adrenal gland r. adrenalis caudalis

In Car: Into vv. renales sinistra enters vv. testiculare sinistra in male.
In female into vv. renales sinistra enters vv. ovaricae sinistra

90
Q

vv. ovaricae, testiculares can be found on right or left side?
What’s typical for Car in comparison to other species?

A

Both right and left side

In other animals beside Car, the blood continues directly from her to v. cava caudalis

91
Q

What are the two imp venous systems?

A

Vena cava caudalis and vena portae

92
Q

What’s the function of vena portae?

A

Drains blood from unpaired organ of abdominal cavity.

- From stomach, intestines, spleen, pancreas.

93
Q

What’s the continuation of vena portae?

Is it paired or unpaired etc?

A

Continues from the unpaired organs  liver!
• Enters into visceral surface by Porta hepatis of the liver.

Drains blood through the liver to v. hepaticae into v. cava caudalis

94
Q

What part is responisble for the functional blood supply of the liver?

A

Vena portae

95
Q

Which are the main veins enters into the liver?

A

• v. gastroduodenalis with it’s 3 branches;

  • v. gastrica dextra
  • v. gastroduodenalis dextra
  • v. pancreatioduodenalis cranialis

• v. lienalis

• v. mesenterica cranialis
• v. mesenteria caudalis with it’s 2 branches
- v. colica media et sinistra
- v. rectalis cranialis

Anatomy II (8 decks)

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