5-C,Si,Ge,Sn,Pb (14. skupina) Flashcards by Fire Opal

suha destilacija lesa ali premoga

Si + C (saje) → SiC (2000°C)

→ SiC → Si + C (grafit) (2200°C)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Pridobivanje amorfnega Si

SiO2 + 2 C → Si + 2CO (2500 ºC)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Alumotermična reakcija

kristalinični silicij

SiO2 + Al → Si + Al2O3

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Si in raztopina/talina ionskih hidroksidov

Si + 2 NaOH + H2O → Na2SiO3 + 2 H2

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

germanij iz germanita

Cu6FeGe2S8 + HNO3 + H2SO4 → GeO2

2 GeO2 + H2 → 2 Ge + H2O

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

čiščenje Ge

GeCl4 + H2O → GeO2

GeO2 + H2 → Ge + H2O

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

pridobivanje Sn

SnO2 + 2 C → Sn + 2 CO

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

bron

Cu + Sn

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

cin

Pb + Sn

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Sn + močna kislina

Sn + 2 HCl → SnCl2 + H2

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Sn + ionski hidroksid

Sn + 2 NaOH + 4 H2O → Na2(Sn(OH)6) + 2 H2

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Pridobivanje Pb (praženje galenita)

2 PbS + 3 O2 → 2 PbO + 2 SO2
PbS + 2 O2 → PbSO4

PbS + 2 PbO → 3 Pb + SO2
PbS + PbSO4 → 2 Pb + 2 SO2

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

dodatna redukcija pri praženju Pb

PbO + CO → Pb + CO2

PbSO4 + 4 C → PbS + 4 CO
2 PbSO4 + 2 SiO2 → 2 PbSiO3 + 2 SO2 + O2
PbSiO3 + CO + CaO → Pb + CaSiO3 + CO2

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

reakcije fulerenov

hidrogeniranje → C60H18, C60H36

fluoriranje → C60F46, C60F48

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

ionski karbidi (Be2C, Al4C3)

Al4C3 + 12 H2O → 4 Al(OH)3 + 3 CH4

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

C2(2-) acetilidni ion + elementi 1. in 2. skupne (razen Be in Mg) in Zn, Cd

CaC2 + 2 H2O → C2H2 + Ca(OH)2

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

(segrevanje apna z ogljem brez zraka)

CaO + C → CaC2

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

(CaC2 z vodo sprošča)

CaC2 + H2O → CaO + C2H2

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

nastanek silanov (Mg2Si + kisl.)
podobno še germani do n=5 in stanana n=1,2

Mg2Si + 4 HCl → 2 MgCl2 + SiH4

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

nastanek silanov iz SiCl4

SiCl4 + Li(AlH4) → SiH4 + LiCl + AlCl3

vedno nastane zmas silanov!!! n=1→10

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

silani + voda

SiH4 + 2 H2O → SiO2 + 4 H2

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

silani + zrak = FIRE!

SiH4 + 2 O2 → SiO2 + 4 H2O

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

ravnotežje 1 (CO)

2 CO(g) ↔ C(s) + CO2(g) (ΔH° = - 172 kJ)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

vodni plin

C(s) + H2O(g) → H2(g) + CO(g) (ΔH° = 131,1 kJ)

CO(g) + H2O(g) → H2(g) + CO2(g) (ΔH° = -41,1 kJ)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

CO2 + močen reducent

Co2(g) + 2 Mg(s) → C(s) + 2 MgO(s)

Co2 in voda

Co2(aq) + H2O →H2CO3 | počasno

protoliza H2CO3

``` H2CO3 + H2O ↔ H3O(+) + HCO3(-) (hitro → samo prva stopnja protolize) Ka1 = 1,7*10^(-4) Ka2 = 4,9*10^(-11) → srednje močna kislina ```

ocetna kislina + voda

CH3COOH(aq) + H2O ↔ H3O(+) + CH3COO(-) | v trenutku

NH3 + voda

NH3(aq) + H2O ↔ NH4(+) + OH(-)

SO2 + voda

SO2(aq) + 2 H2O ↔ H3O(+) + HSO3(-)

karbonati + hidrogenkarbonati v vodi s CO2

CaCO3 + CO2(aq) + H2O ↔ Ca(HCO3)2

pridobivanje Na2CO3

2NaCl + CaCO3 → Na2CO3 + CaCl2 (sumarno!!) CaCO3 → CaO + CO2 CaO + H2O → Ca(OH)2 NaCl + NH3 + CO2 + H2O → NaHCO3 + NH4Cl 2 NaHCO3 → Na2CO3 + H2O + CO2 2 NH4Cl + Ca(OH)2 → 2NH3 + CaCl2 + H2O

CO je anhidrid metanojske kiline

HCOOH → CO + H2O

fozgen iz CO

CO + Cl2 →COCl2

metanol iz CO

CO + 2 H2 → CH3OH

CO z maanj H2

CO + H2 → zmes ogljikovodikov

nastanek silicijeve kisline (1)

SiCl4 + 4 H2O → H4SiO4 + 4 HCl

nastanek silicijeve kisline (2)

Na2SiO3 + 2 HCl + H2O → H4SiO4 + 2 NaCl

SiO2 reagira samo s HF!

SiO2 + 4 HF → SiF4 + 2 H2O

SiO2 + hidroksidi v talinah

SiO2(l) + 2 NaOH(l) → Na2SiO3(l) + H2O

pridobivanje GeO2

Ge + O2 → GeO2 (segrevanje)

GeO2 + HCl

GeO2 + 4 HCl → GeCl4 +2 H2O

kasiterit SnO2

SnO2 + 4 H3O(+) + Cl(-) → [SnCl6](2-) + H2O | SnO2 + 2 OH(-) + 2 H2O → [Sn(OH)6](2-)

PbO in HCl

PbO + 2 HCl → PbCl2 + H2O

PbO in OH(-)

PbO + 3 OH(-) → [Pb(OH)3](-)

pridobivanje PbO

2 Pb + O2 → 2 PbO

pridobivanje PbO2

Pb(2+) + 2 ClO(-) → PbO2 + Cl2

PbO2 je močen oksidant

PbO2 + Mn(2+) → MnO4(-)

PbO2 + hidroksidi (je topen v njih)

PbO2 + 6 OH(-) → [Pb(OH)6](2-)

PbO2 + kisline (H2SO4)

2 PbO2 + 2 H2SO4 → 2 PbSO4 + 2 H2O + O2

PbO2 + kisline (HNO3)

2 PbO2 + 4 HNO3 → 2 Pb(NO3)2 + 2 H2O + O2

PbO2 + kisline (HCl)

2 PbO2 + 4 HCl → 2 PbCl2 + 2 H2O + O2 (vroča HCl!!!!) | PbO2 + 4 HCl → PbCl4 + H2O (mrzla HCL!!!!!)

Pb3O4 in HNO3

Pb3O4 + 4 HNO3 → 2 Pb(NO3)2 + PbO2 + 2 H2O

sinteza CF4

CaCN2 + 3 F2 →((CsF_25°C)) → CF4 + CaF2 + N2

sinteza CCl4

CS2 + 3 Cl2 →((Fe))→ CCl4 + S2Cl2

sinteza C2F4 (ta tvori teflon)

CHCl3 + 2 HF →((HF, SbF5))→ CHClF2 + 2 HCl 2 CHF2Cl → C2F4 + 2 HCl (700°C)

nastanek fosgena

CO + Cl2 →((aktivno oglje))→ COCl2

sinteza SiF4

SiO2 + 4 HF → SiF4 + 2 H2O

SiF4 je reaktiven z vodo

3 SiF4 + 2 H2O → 2 H2[SiF6] + SiO2

nastanek SiCl4

SiO2 + 2 C + 2 Cl2 → SiCl4 + 2 CO

segrevanje PbCl4

PbCl4 → PbCl2 + Cl2

sinteza CS2

CH4 + 2 S →((Al2O3, 700°C))→ CS2 + 2 H2

nastanek (CN)2

Hg(CN)2(s) + HgCl2(s) →((200°C))→ (CN)2(g) + Hg2Cl2

(CN)2 in hidroksidi

(CN)2(g) + 2 OH(-) → CN(-)(aq) + OCN(-)(aq) + H2O

sinteza HCN

CH4 + NH3 → HCN(g) + 3 H2 ((1200→1300°C))

HCN + Na

2 HCN(aq) + Na2CO3(aq) → 2 NaCN(aq) + H2O + CO2

sinteza Si3N4 (več stopenj!)

SiCL4 + 4 NH3 → Si(NH2)4 + 4 HCl Si(NH2)4 →Δ→ Si(NH)2 Si(NH)2 →Δ→ Si3N4

5-C,Si,Ge,Sn,Pb (14. skupina) Flashcards

(67 cards)