5 (C) vertebrae Flashcards by ryan seed

AT what level does the spinal cord end?

L1-L2

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What is the name of the end of the spinal cord?

Conus Medullaris

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Vertebrae - vertebrae are held together by what joints?

Facet Joints

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The pedicles of the vertebrae attach what?

Transverse process to body of vertebrae

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The laminae of the vertebrae attach what

transverse process to spinous process

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C1 articulates with what part of the skull

occiput

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What does the joint of C1 - Occiput allow?

Allows us to nod

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What type of joint is present between C1 - C2

Pivot Joint

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What is present on C7 which makes it a landmark (name)

Long spinous process —> Vertebrae Prominens

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What does the atlas NOT have (2)

vertebral body + Spinous process

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Does C2 have a vertebral body?

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What part of C2 allows the pivot joint of c1 + c2 to occur?

Dens

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What type of joint is the Pivot join in C1 - C2

Synovial –> RA

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Vertebral artery + vein pass through what parts of the vertebrae?

At what level does it not pass through this foramina

Transverse Foramina

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Name of the Fracture of the Atlas caused by high axial loading?

Jeffersons Fracture

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Fracture of the dens is typically caused by what/

Hyperextension // Hyperflexion

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The superior demifacet found on thoracic vertebrae is equal to what in terms of rib

Corresponding rib

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What thoracic vertebrae are common fracture places

T11 / T12

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What does the spinous process look like on a lumbar vertebrae?

Short // Stumpy

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Anterior Sacral Foramina is important for what?

Exit of spinal nerves

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The Wings of the pelvis are called what?

Ala

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Which vertebrae are the most flexible?

C + L

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What movement is only possible at thoracic vertebrae?

Rotation

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What is the chief extensor of the intrinsic muscle of the bacl?

Erector Spinae

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What are the 3 muscles of the erector spinae

Longissimus Muscle Iliocostalis Muscle Spinalis Musclle

What is the deepest muscle layer of the back?

Dus

Thicker vertebrae = ?

More flexibility

What are the two key structures in the vertebrae disk? What is the inner one?

Annulus fibrosus Nucleolus Pulposus (inner)

What happens to disk over time?

dehydrate = Stiffer

What are the 2 most common slipped disks / herniation areas

L4 / L5 L5 / S1

What syndrome can arise from slipped disk

Cauda Equina

Posterior Longitudinal Ligament resists what (2)?

Hyperflexion Posterior Herniation

Posterior longitudinal Ligament can be found from what - what?

C2 - Sacrum

Anterior longitudinal Ligament resists what which is the only ligament to do so?

Resists Hyperextension

Anterior Longitudinal Ligament can be found from what to whaat

Occipital / C1 --> Sacrum

Ligamentum Flavum binds what

Adjacent Vertebrae

Ligamentum Nuchae can be found where?

Occipital --> C7

What are the ligaments that a lumbar puncture goes through? (3)

Supraspinous ligament interspinous ligament Ligamentum Flavum (pop)

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there

31 pairs

Cauda Equina?

nerve rootlets

What is the epineurium found on nerve cells

Meningeal layer that is taking when spinal nerve leaves vertebral canal

Dural sac grows with ...... but ..... doesnt

Vertebral column Spinal cord doesnt

How many posterior spinal arteries are there? Anterior?

2 1

What gives rise to the posterior spinal artery

Segmental spinal artery --> Vertebral // Deep cervical etc.

What key structure is NOT found below T6 in the spinal cord

Cuneate Tubercle

The Dorsal Column is responsible for what (sensations)

FINE touch / pressure / proprioception

The Spinothalamic tract is responsible for what (sensations)

CRUDE touch / pain / temperature

As a rule of thumb, fibres that are essential to survive (pain / temp / some touch / pressure) have what type of structure / speed

Slow demyelinated fibres

As a rule of thumb, fibres that increase detail (fine touch , proprioception) have what type of structure / speed

Large diameter myelinated fibres fast

1st Order Neurons are what type of neurone?

Pseudounipolar neurone

Spinothalamic pathway is somatopically organised - how is it done?

D Leg Trunk Arm V

Lissauer's tract is found where

Dorsal Grey Horn

Does spinothalamic cross over midline? What crosses over?

Yes Axon of 2* Neurone cross over

What does the 2* Neurone Axon become after the Medulla?

Spinal Lemniscus

The Spinothalamic pathway goes to what part of the thalamus?

VPL

FATL for somatotopic map runs from what - what?

Laterally to Medial

Do the Dorsal Column Medial Lemniscus Pathway cross over at midline when passing into the cord? What does it go through Above T6

No Goes up Cuneate Tubercle

In the DCML pathway, what structure does the pathway go up below T6

Gracile Tubercle

What part of the medulla does the DCML go through? What are the name of the fibres that cross midline?

Closed Medulla Internal Arcuate Fibres

What does the 2* neurone axon from DCML go through that is somatotopically organised?

Medial Lemniscus

What is the structure of the somatotopically organised medial lemniscus?

D Arm Trunk Leg V

What part of the internal capsule does the ascending fibres pass through?

Posterior part of internal capsule

What are the 3 nuclei involved in the trigeminal sensory pathway in order from Midbrain --> Medulla

Mescencephalic nuclei Pontine nucleus (chief) Spinal Nucleus

What sense does NOT GO THROUGH trigeminal ganglion? what does it go through instead?

Proprioception Mescencephalic nuclei

What nuclei does the proprioception pathway go through after the mescencephalic nuclei? What reflex is this involved with

Motor Jaw Jerk Reflex

What part of the thalamus does the trigeminal pathway go to

VPM

Pain / Temp nuclei are found most what? (think diagrm)

Inferiorly

Discriminatory touch uses what nuclei (think diagram)

Pontine Nuclei (Chief)

What are the fibres called that cross in the DCML called when entering the medial lemniscus

internal arcuate fibres

How do crude touch fibres from the spnothalamic cross

go up a few levels then cross over

The ligamentum flavum is found:

between adjacent laminae

In which regions of the vertebral column are kyphoses found?

thoracic + sacral

heart-shaped body and round vertebral foramen

thoracic vertebrae

what kind of spinous process do thoracic vertebrae have?

long and orientated postero-inferiorly

which vertebrae have a horizontally-orientated spinous processes?

cervical + lumbar

the posterior part of the affected vertebral body loses height in a wedge fracture?

vertebrae with have an oval-shaped body

lumbar

which vertebrae are more prone to dislocation than other vertebrae

cervical

which vertebrae are the most flexible?

cervical

What is a common site for the origin of an embolism in an ischaemic infarct?

Carotid arteries

damage to the anterior segmental medullary artery will lead to what being affected

Spinothalamic --> pain and temperature sensation

cervical have what type of body? | They also have what type of process?

Bifid process | Round Body