5 Ground Ladders

Question 1

Nfpa standard on use maintenance and service testing of in service FD ground ladders

Answer 1

Nfpa 1932

Question 2

Unless situation dictates otherwise which ground ladder should be deployed first

Answer 2

The longest first followed by next longest and so on

Question 3

Prior to selecting and deploying ladders a number of critical factors should be considered they are

Answer 3

Primary objective (rescue, window, roof)
Fire size and location
Current and expected fire behavior

Question 4

Effective length of ground ladder is always shorter than actual length because

Answer 4

Safe climbing angle

Question 5

Idea, climbing angle for ground ladders

Answer 5

75 degrees

Question 6

Lower ladder angle increases

Answer 6

Stress on ladder and increases change of Spurs kicking out

Position people on ladder farther apart

Question 7

On steeper climbing angles the ladder becomes

Answer 7

Less stable and prone to falling, pulling away from building tipping

Question 8

Proper distance of the butt of the ladder from the building can be determined by

Answer 8

Dividing the used length (vertical distance above where ladder contacts building) by four

Question 9

Keys to safe and effective ladder handling

Answer 9

Fitness, technique, and practice, individually and as a team

Question 10

If a department chooses to use non standard ladder techniques it should first be

Answer 10

Tested under controlled circumstances before use on fire ground

Question 11

Stay poles are aka

Answer 11

Tormentor poles

Question 12

Number of firefighters for a pole ladder

Answer 12

Minimum of 4

5-6 preference

Question 13

Pole ladders should be raised in what method referencing the building

Answer 13

Perpendicular, to eliminate a 90 degree pivot of the ladder

Question 14

Nfpa requires the poles on all new ladders to be attached now

Answer 14

Permanently

Question 15

Positioning of a ground ladder is usually, But not always the responsibility of

Answer 15

The officer

Question 16

For breaking windows a ladder should be placed

Also for entering narrow windows or directing in hose streams

Answer 16

Tip even with upper portion of window, along side the window, on the windward side.

Question 17

Ladder placement for rescue

Answer 17

Tip midline, slightly below sill. If sill projects out, tip can be wedged under for stability

Question 18

For rescue a ladder can be placed two or three rungs into the window only if

Answer 18

The window is wide enough to accommodate the ladder off to the side and allow rescue.

Question 19

Ladder placement guidelines include

Answer 19

Ladder at least two points on different sides of a building for roof egress
Avoid placing ladder over door or window openings where heat or flames may expose it
Place ladders at building strong points when possible (corners)
Avoid overhead obstructions, lines, trees
Avoid uneven or soft spots
Avoid placing in front of path of travel
Avoid placing on ice or trapdoors
Don’t place on unstable walls or surfaces

Question 20

Ladder locations should be communicated to interior crews so that

Answer 20

They can be used for emergency egress if needed

Question 21

Placement of ladder for smoke ejector

Answer 21

Tip on wall above window opening, in front of window

Question 22

Ways to get over fence

Answer 22

A frame

Two straight ladders, one on each side, lashed together where they intersect over the fence or wall.

Question 23

Other reasons for laddering roof

Answer 23

Rescue from roof tops
Checking for spot fires from carried embers
Protect structure from fire in adjacent building
Gain height advantage to apply water to adjacent building

Question 24

Most common situation ground ladders used for in rescue

Answer 24

Above grade

Question 25

Below grade ladder rescues can be dangerous because

Answer 25

Of added dangers of possible IDLH atmospheres
Oxygen deficiencies
Toxic gas accumulation that’s heavier than air

Question 26

In absence of an aerial device what is the preferred method of gaining roof access in buildings up to four stories high

Answer 26

Ground ladders

Question 27

Safest way to mitigate backdraft and may prevent flashover

Answer 27

Vertical ventilation

Question 28

Non standard use of ladders are those which do not involve firefighters doing what

Answer 28

Climbing up or down them

Question 29

Some non standard ladder uses

Answer 29

Mechanical advantage systems
Positioning intake or suction strainers
Water removal
Bridging

Question 30

Most common application for mechanical advantage us of ground ladder

Answer 30

Lowering victim from above grade

Question 31

A suction water strainer must be at least how far from the bottom

Answer 31

24”

Question 32

How to remove water from building using water chute

Answer 32

Positioned in floor below one with water
Place A frame ladder
Roll ends of salvage cover up with pike poles until poles are 3’ apart
Hook poles and cover over step of ladder, direct out window
Cut hole in floor or ceiling above chute

Question 33

A ladder can be used the bridge between two buildings provided the span between buildings is no greater than

Answer 33

1/3rd the ,adder length

Question 34

If span between buildings is greater than 1/3 ladder length how can it be spanned

Answer 34

With ladder using guide ropes tied to the top rung and lowered into position with heel Spurs close to edge. Ff crossing must crawl and have belay line

Question 35

Most common types of ground ladders

Answer 35

Single, straight, ladders
Roof ladders
Folding, attic, ladders
Extension ladders
Combination ladders