5 inherited change Flashcards
total chromosome number in somatic cells?
46
differentiate b/w diploid and haploid cells
diploid- contains 2 sets of chromsomes (e.g somatic cells)
haploid- contains 1 set of chromosomes, eg sperm and egg cells
define homologous chromosomes
are a pair of chromosomes in a diploid cell that have the same structure as each other, same genes at the same loci, and that pair together to form a bivalent during Meisis I
define gene
a gene is a length of DNA that codes for a particular protein or polypeptide
Allele
an allele is a particular variety of a gene
Define Locus
is a position at which a particular gene is found on a particular chromosome. the same gene is alwas found at the same locus
differentiate bw mitosis and meiosis
mitosis- produces 2 genetically identical daughter cells (diploid) w same number of chromosomes for growth
meiosis- produces 4 unique haploid daughter cells each having half chromosomes as parent cell
significance of mitosis and meiosis
Mitosis- growth, repairing damaged tissues, replacement of worn out cells, cloning B, T lymphocytes, asexual reproduction
Meiosis- gives genetic variation, involved in sexual reproduction, forms gametes w half number of chromosomes (haploid)
each centrosome contains a pair of ___
centrioles
differ bw meiosis I and meisis ii
I- is a redution division resulting in 2 daughter nuclei w half the no. of chromosomes of parent nucleus, includes cossing over
II- chromosomes behave the same way as in mitosis so that 2 haplid daughter nuclei can divide again
what is genetic variation caused by
independant assortment in metaphase I, crossing over of homologous chromosomes in late prophase I, mutation,
meiosis, gametogenesis
my notes
what are the male and female gametes in flowering plants
male - anthers
female- ovules
what is the male and female reproductive organ in flowering plants
MALE stamen, cntains anther and filament
FEMALE- carpel , contains stigma and style, ovary, ovule
