5. Intelligence and Problem-Solving

Question 1

g

Answer 1

a general factor; general intelligence; general mental ability

Question 2

IQ

Answer 2

intelligence quotient
IQ= mental age (score) / chronological age (actual age) x 100

Question 3

psychometric approach

Answer 3

objective measurements using psychological tests

Question 4

sir francis galton

Answer 4

studies emphasized heredity

Question 5

alfred binet

Answer 5

developed an intelligence test, to help identify children who would benefit from early intervention

Question 6

standardization

Answer 6

early 1900s the test adapted to Stanford-Binet test, which could be standardized

Question 7

weschler

Answer 7

developed a test that used both verbal and performance skills

Question 8

Deviation IQ

Answer 8

• developed by Wechsler
• compares scores to avg performance in your age range

Question 9

Flynn

Answer 9

theorised that the world population has been collectively increasing IQ test scores

Question 10

Spearman’s g

Answer 10

(observation - skills in math and english are correlated)
- believed that there was one underlying component that determined one’s intelligence
G - general mental capacity

Question 11

3 Stratum Model

Answer 11

• Caroll, 3 levels of cognitive thinking
  General: g
  Broad: fluid, crystalized, memory, learning
  Narrow: specific abilities

Question 12

Horn and Catell

Answer 12

defined “fluid” and “crystalized” intelligences, both part of stratum 2

Question 13

Multiple Intelligence Theory

Answer 13

• Gardner
• not simply one underlying aspect of intelligence, and that in fact, intelligence is made up of several distinct individual components

Question 14

savants

Answer 14

very gifted in skill, though overall intellectually disabled

Question 15

is there a strong heritability for intelligence

Answer 15

yes

Question 16

growth mindset

Answer 16

individuals w this believe intelligence/talent is a starting point, and their abilities need to be developed through hard work

Question 17

men perform better at

Answer 17

spatial tasks, eye-hand coordination, mathematical reasoning

Question 18

women are better at

Answer 18

speed tasks, verbal fluency, fine motor coordination, reading comprehension

Question 19

Theory of work adjustment

Answer 19

interests and success have other dimensions, including satisfaction and satisfactoriness

Question 20

Talent Development

Answer 20

equal importance of individual abilities and interests as well as environment that responds with rewards

Question 21

Gutman’s Radex model

Answer 21

distinguishes diff cognitive abilities, and diff mental processes/learning

Question 22

Holland Occupation Themes RIASEC

Answer 22

Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, Conventional

Question 23

Bounded Rationality

Answer 23

we try to make rational decisions, but we have cognitive limitations from being fully rational

Question 24

Rational Decision-Making Steps

Answer 24

Define problem
Identify criteria necessary to judge options
Weight the criteria
Generate alternatives
Rate each alternative
Make optimal decision

Question 25

Algorithms

Answer 25

solutions that attempt to sort thru all possible outcomes/permutations of a given problem SLOW -> but correct answer

Question 26

Heurisitcs

Answer 26

Faster -> doesn't always give right answer - follows a rule, but aimed at reducing the number of alternate approaches to a problem - rule of thumb

Question 27

Biases

Answer 27

predictable mistakes that influence our judgement

Question 28

anchoring

Answer 28

when previous knowledge limits how far one is willing to go in accepting new thoughts

Question 29

framing

Answer 29

refers to how a particular question or item is phrased or imagined that could cause influence in a response

Question 30

sys 1

Answer 30

intuitive: fast and automatic but emotional (too often)

Question 31

sys 2

Answer 31

deliberate: slow but logical

Question 32

someone who scored high on a emotional intelligence test would be able to: a) have correspondingly high verbal IQ scores b) have the ability to read other ppls emotions c) be gifted at interpreting emotional responses but otherwise intellectually disabled d) all of the above

Answer 32

b) have the ability to read other ppls emotions

Question 33

binet's assumptions that when developing his intelligence test include: a) kid who are more competent at 5 will b less competent at 15 b) kid who less competent at 5 will but less competent at 15 c) kid who score gifted at 5 will match their peers at 15 d) kid should not be compared

Answer 33

b) kid who less competent at 5 will but less competent at 15

Question 34

throughout the development of psychometric tests of intelligence, what has been the overriding concern that researchers have tried to address? a) cannot show all types of intelligence b) not reliable c) not standardized d) not valid

Answer 34

a) cannot show all types of intelligence

Question 35

calculate IQ for 15 yr old w mental age of 7

Answer 35

7/15 x100

Question 36

defining intelligence

Answer 36

brain is synchronized, adaptive of cortical networks, efficient

Question 37

enviro factor of intelligence

Answer 37

prenatal nutrition prenatal substance exposure socio-economic factors

Question 38

inherited component of intelligence

Answer 38

efficient use of brain resources faster neural processing faster mobilization of resources

Question 39

relationship between ability, learning, and performance

Answer 39

- TOM: interests and successes have dimension of satisfaction and satisfactoriness (if match, individual = motivated) - Talent development: predicts correlation between individual interests and abilities - also conative factors