5 kingdom classification

Question 1

define species

Answer 1

A species is an organism of a particular type whose members can interbreed amongst themselves to produce fertile young ones.

Question 2

Give some examples of crosses between 2 species.

Answer 2

Zenkey - Zebra and donkey
Tigon - Tiger and Lion
Pomato - Potato and tomato
Geep - goat and sheep

This occurs in species which are similar to eachother.

Question 3

State all the levels of classification.

Answer 3

King Phillip came over for good soup
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

Question 4

Drawbacks of the 2 kingdom classification method.

Answer 4

1. Bacteria cannot be classified as plants as they are prokaryotic.
   2, unicellular organisms like amoeba and euglena cannot be plants.
2. Fungi cannot be called plants as they dont have chlorophyll

Question 5

Name the 5 kingdoms

Answer 5

Monera, Protista, Fungi, Animalia, Plantae

Question 6

Short note on Monera

Answer 6

1. Unicellular
2. Prokaryotic
3. Lacks a well defined nucleus
4. Lacks membrane-bound organelle like mitochondria and chloroplasts
   - bacteria

Question 7

Short note on Protista

Answer 7

1. Unicellular
2. Eukaryotic
3. Well defined nucleus
4. Consists of green autotrophic organisms like Chlamydomonas
5. consists of non-green heterotrophic organisms like euglena, amoeba, etc

Question 8

Short note on fungi

Answer 8

1. Multicellular
2. Eukaryotic
3. Achlorophyllous
4. Saprotrophic
   - bread mould, yeast, penicillin,etc

Question 9

Short note in plantae

Answer 9

1. Multicellular
2. Eukaryotic
3. have chlorophyll
4. autotrophic
   Divided into -
   - Thallophyta :
   Algae, seaweed, and kelp
   autotrophic and contain chlorophyll. The body can’t be distinguished into roots, stems, leaves, etc.
   - Bryophyta :
   mosses
   autotrophic, dont have proper roots, stem or leaves instead they have root-like structures (rhizoids) and stem like structures (caulids), and leaf-like structures (phyllids)
   Pteridophyta :
   Ferns
   Autotrophic, body can be differentiated into stems, roots, and leaves. Has spores on the underside for the purpose of reproduction
   Gymnosperms :
   Pine, fir, etc
   Bear naked seeds in structures called cones. Have both male and female cones containing pollen and ovules respectively. May be trees or shrubs
   Angiosperms :
   All flowering plants
   body can be differentiated into roots, stems, leaves fruits.
   divided into 2 -
   monocot - seeds having only 1 cotyledon, fibrous root system and parallel venation. Maize, rice, grass
   Dicot - seeds having 2 cotyledons, tap root system and reticulate venation. Apple, sunflower, pea.

Question 10

State all the different phylum under kingdom animalia.

Answer 10

Porifera
Cnidaria/coelenterata
Platyhelminthes
Nematoda
Annelida
Arthropoda
Mollusca
Echinodermata
Chordata

Question 11

What are vertebrates and invertebrates?

Answer 11

Animals with a backbone. Invertebrates are animals without a backbone

Question 12

Porifera?

Answer 12

1. Have many pores through which water enters and they take their food.
2. Found in oceans and seas
3. Attached to the substratum
4. Have a large opening at the top through which water exits.
   Ex - bathsponge, sycon

Question 13

Cnidaria??

Answer 13

1. Have a single cavity known as the coelenteron where digestion takes place
2. They have tentacles to catch food
3. Found in water
   Ex - sea anemone, Jellyfish

Question 14

Platyhelmithes?

Answer 14

1. Small
2. Soft
3. Flattened
4. unsegmented worms
5. Are found inside a living host (tapeworm or liverfluke) or naturally in fresh water (planarian)
6. flatworms
7. alimentary canal has 1 opening mouth.

Question 15

Name the 3 phylum which form the worm category.

Answer 15

Platyhelminthes, Nematoda, Annelida

Question 16

Nematoda

Answer 16

1. Round worms
2. Cylindrical
3. unsegmented
4. Their alimentary canal has 2 openings a mouth and an anus
5. Ex - Ascaris

Question 17

SN on earthworms

Answer 17

1. Earthworms eat the soil and pass it out
   through the other end as castings
2. They are nocturnal
3. Their skin has to be kept moist for respiration
4. Indian earthworm - Pheretima Posthuma
5. Has a mouth and an anus
6. Clitellum helps in reproduction

Question 18

How are earthworms helpful in agriculture

Answer 18

1. Earth worms eat the soil and pass it out as nitrates which are nutritive to the soil
2. They loosen up the layers of the soil helping in respiration of the plant
3. keep the soil fertile by constantly interchanging the lower layers of soil with the higher layers
4. used as bait to catch fish

Question 19

Annelida ??

Answer 19

1. Segmented worms
2. Well-developed digestive system
3. mouth and anus
   Ex - earthworm, leech.

Question 20

Arthropoda??

Answer 20

1. Have jointed legs.
2. The body is divided into the head, thorax, and abdomen (EXTRA)
3. have an exoskeleton called chitin
4. the process of shedding and regrowing the chitin is known as moulting.

Question 21

Mollusca??

Answer 21

1. Have a muscular foot for locomotion
2. Have a shell for protection
3. soft, unsegmented body
4. Ex - Slug, snail

Question 22

What is a notochord??

Answer 22

A notochord is a rod-like structure in the mid-dorsal axis of the body.

Question 23

Echinodermata??

Answer 23

1. Unsegmented body
2. have al exoskeleton and a spiny surface
3. locomotion via tube feet
   Ex - starfish

Question 24

State the 5 classes of Phylum chordata

Answer 24

1. Aves
2. Mammalia
3. Reptilia
4. Amphibia
5. Pisces

Question 25

Pisces??

Answer 25

1. Have gills to breathe underwater 2. Have scales 3. 2 chambered heart 4. cold-blooded animals 5. Two types cartilaginous and bony Cartilaginous - dogfish, sharks Bony - trout, roaches

Question 26

Mammalia??

Answer 26

1. Have mammary glands 2. have a 4 chambered heart 3. are warm blooded 4. have external ears 5. Have hair on their skin 6. Breathe via lungs 7. Give birth to living young ones. Ex - Humans, dogs, cats

Question 27

Amphibia??

Answer 27

1. Breathe via gills and water and lungs on land 2. have webbed feet 3. have slimy skin 4. 3 chambered heart 5. cold-blooded

Question 28

Reptilia??

Answer 28

1. Breath via lungs 2. 3 chambered heart 3. clod blooded 4. eggs have a leathery shell

Question 29

Aves??

Answer 29

1. Have feathers 2. breathe via lungs 3. 4 chambered heart 4. cold blooded 5. Lay eggs with calcareous shells. Ex - eagle, peacock, chicken, penguin.