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PHARM 110 > 5 - Muscles > Flashcards

5 - Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

1st class lever

A
  • fulcrum is b/w load & effort
  • ex. seesaw, scissors
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2
Q

2nd class lever

A
  • load is b/w fulcrum & effort
  • ex. wheelbarrow
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3
Q

3rd class lever

A
  • effort is applied b/w fulcrum & load
  • ex. tweezers, most skeletal muscles
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4
Q

A muscle that crosses on the anterior side of joint causes…

A

flexion

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5
Q

A muscle that crosses on the lateral side of a joint causes …

A

abduction

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6
Q

A muscle that crosses on the medial side of a joint causes…

A

adduction

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7
Q

A muscle that crosses on the posterior side of joint causes…

A

extension

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8
Q

Mechanical Advtangae

A
  • power lever
  • load is close to fulcrum, effort is far from fulcrum
  • small effort moves large load
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8
Q

Actions of the shoulder/pectoral girdle?

A
  • elevation
  • depression
  • rotation
  • lateral & medial movements
  • protraction
  • retraction
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9
Q

Mechanical Disadvantage

A
  • speed lever
  • load far from fulcrum, effort close to fulcrum
  • load moved rapidly over large distance
  • wide range of motion
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10
Q

Muscles for Swallowing (Infrahyoid)

A
  • TOSS
  • Thyrohyoid
  • Omohyoid
  • Sternohyoid
  • Sternothyroid
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11
Q

Muscles for Swallowing (Suprahyoid)

A

Good Samaritan Does Marathon

  • Geniohyoid
  • Stylohyoid
  • Digastric
  • Mylohyoid
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12
Q

Muscles for Tongue Movements

A
  • Genioglossus
  • Hyoglossus
  • Styloglossus
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13
Q

Muscles of Facial Expression (Face)

A
  • Corrugator supercilli
  • Orbicularis Oculi
  • Zygomaticus
  • Risorius
  • Levator labii superioris
  • Depressor labii inferioris
  • Deppressor anguli oris
  • Orbicularis oris
  • Mentalis
  • Buccinator
  • Platysma
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14
Q

Muscles of Facial Expression (scalp)

A
  • Epicranius (occipitofrontalis) -> frontal belly & occipital belly
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15
Q

Muscles of Mastication

A
  • Masseter
  • Temporalis
  • Medial Pterygoid
  • Lateral Pterygoid
  • Buccinator
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16
Q

Muscles of Neck & Vertebral Column (Anterolateral neck muscles)

A
  • sternocleidomastoid
  • scalenes
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17
Q

Muscles of Neck & Vertebral column (Intrinsic muscles of the back)

A
  • Splenius
  • Erector spinae - Iliocostalis & Longissimus & Spinalis
  • Semispinalis
  • Quadratus lumborum
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18
Q

prime hip abductor

A
  • gluteus medius
  • Synergist: sartorius, tensor fascia lata, gluteus maximus & minimus, piriformis, obturator internus & externus
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19
Q

Prime hip adductor

A
  • adductor magnus, longus & brevis, pectineus, gracilis
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20
Q

Prime hip lateral rotator

A
  • sartorius, gluteus maximus, piriformis, obturator internus & externus, gemelli, quadratus femoris
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21
Q

Prime hip medial rotator

A
  • tensor fascia lata, adductor muscles, pectineus, gracilis, gluteus medius & minimus
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22
Q

Prime knee flexor

A
  • biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus
  • Synergist: sartorius, gracilis, gastrocnemius, plantaris, popliteus
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23
Q

Prime move finger extension

A
  • extensor digitorum (& abducts), extensor pollicis longus & brevis (thumb), extonsor indicis (pointer finger)
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24
prime mover ankle eversion
- fibularis tertius & fibularis longus & brevis
25
prime mover dorsiflexion
- tibialis anterior - Synergist: extensor digitorum longus, fibularis tertius, extensor hallicis longus
26
Prime mover finger flexion
- flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor pollicis longus, flexor digitorum profundus
27
Prime mover for flexion at shoulder joint
- deltoid (anterior fibers) - synergists: coracobrachialis & biceps brachii
28
prime mover hip extension
- gluteus maximus & biceps femoris - Synergist: adductor magnus, semitendinosus, semimembranosus
29
Prime mover knee extension
- rectus femoris & vastus muscles
30
Prime mover of abduction at shoulder joint
- deltoid - synergist: supraspinatus
31
Prime mover of adduction at shoulder joint
- pectoralis major & latissimus dorsi - synergists: teres minor, corachobrachialis, triceps brachii
32
prime mover of ankle inversion
- tibialis posterior - Synergist: tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus
33
Prime Mover of back extension
- Erector Spinae -> Iliocostalis, Longissimus, Spinalis
34
Prime mover of elbow extension
- triceps brachii - synergist: aconeus
35
Prime mover of elbow flexion
- bieps brachii & brachialis - synergists: pronator teres & brachioradialis
36
Prime mover of extension at shoulder joint
- latissimus dorsi & deltoid (posterior fibers) - synergist: teres major
37
Prime mover of Hip flexion
- Iliopsoas - Synergist: Sartorius, tensor fascia lata, rectus femoris, adductor muscles, pectineus
38
Prime mover of pronation
- pronator quadratus - synergist: pronator teres
39
Prime mover of supination
- supinator & biceps brachii
40
Prime mover plantar flexion
- gastrocnemius & soleus - Synergist: fibularis longus & brevis, plantaris, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallicus longus, tibialis posterior
41
prime mover toe extension
- extensor digitorum longus & extensor hallucis longus (big toe)
42
prime mover toe flexion
- flexor digitorum longus & flexor hallucis longus (big toe)
43
Prime mover wrist abduction
- flexor carpi radialis, extensor carpi radialis (longus & brevis), abductor pollicis longus
44
Prime mover wrist adduction
- flexor carpi ulnaris, extensor carpi ulnaris
45
Prime movers of medial rotation at shoulder joint
- subscapularis - synergists: pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, teres major, deltoid (anterior fibers)
46
Prime movers wrist extension
- extensor carpi radialis (longus & brevis), extensor digitorum, extensor carpi ulnaris - synergist: extensor indicis
47
Prime movers wrist flexion
- flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor digitorum superficialis - synergists: palmaris longus & flexor digitorum profundus
48
Primer mover of lateral rotation at shoulder joint
- infraspinatus & teres minor - synergist: deltoid (posterior fibers)
49
What actions do the lateral lower leg muscles do?
- plantar flexion & eversion of the foot
50
What are the 2 groups of Forearm muscles?
- Anterior - mainly flexors - Posterior - mainly extensors
51
What are the 2 groups of shoulder girdle muscles?
- muscles of the anterior thorax - muscles of the posterior thorax
52
What are the 2 other Posterior Forearm muscles?
- Aconeus - Brachioradialis
53
What are the 3 Erector Spinae muscles? What do they do?
- Iliocostalis, Longissimus, Spinalis - prime movers for back extension - during full flexion (touching the floor) they are relaxed
54
What are the 3 groups of leg muscles (at ankles & toes)?
- Anterior (shin) x4 - Lateral x2 - Posterior (calf) x7
55
What are the 3 prime movers of the arm?
- Pectoralis major - Latissimus dorsi - Deltoid
56
What are the actions of Forearm muscles?
- movements of wrists, fingers, & thumbs - pronation & supination of forearm
57
What are the actions of the abdominal wall muscles?
- lateral flexion and rotation of the trunk - promote urination, defecation, childbirth, vomiting, coughing, screaming
58
What are the actions of the posterior lower leg muscles (calf)?
- plantar flex the ankle
59
What are the Anterior Muscles crossing the Elbow Joint?
- Biceps brachii - Brachialis - Brachioradialis
60
What are the anterior muscles of the leg?
- Quadriceps femoris (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius) - Tensor fascia lata - knee extensors!!!
61
What are the Anterior muscles of the lower leg?
- "shin muscles" - Tibialis anterior - Extensor digitorum longus - Fibularis tertius - Extensor hallucis longus
62
What are the Deep Anterior Forearm Muscles?
- flexor pollicis longus - flexor digitorum profundus - pronator quadratus
63
What are the Deep Posterior Forearm Muscles?
- supinator - abductor pollicis longus - extensor pollicis brevis & longus - extensor indicis
64
What are the Expiratory muscles?
- mainly relaxation of Diaphragm & External Intercostals - forced expiration by contraction of Internal Intercostals
65
What are the functions of the pelvic diaphragm?
- seals inferior outlet of pelvis - supports pelvic organs - lifts pelvic floor to help release feces - resists increased intra-abdominal pressure
66
What are the groups of the Leg muscles?
- anterior muscles (quads) - posterior muscles (hamstrings) - medial muscles (adductors)
67
What are the Inspiratory muscles?
- Diaphragm & External intercostals
68
What are the lateral leg muscles (at ankle & toes)?
- fibularis longus - fibularis brevis
69
What are the main actions of anterior leg (shin) muscles?
- toe extensors & ankle dorsiflexors
70
What are the Medial muscles of the thigh?
- Adductors (adductor magnus, adductor longus, adductor brevis) - pectineus - gracilis
71
What are the muscles of Abdominal wall?
- rectus abdominus - external obliques - internal obliques - transversus abdominus
72
What are the muscles of the Anterior Thorax?
- Pectoralis minor - Serratus anterior - Subclavis
73
What are the muscles of the Pelvic Diaphragm?
- Levator ani - Coccygeus
74
What are the muscles of the Superficial Perineal Space?
- Ischiocavernosus - Bulbospongiosus - Superificial transverse perineal muscles
75
What are the muscles of the Superificial Posterior Thorax?
- Trapezius - Levator scapulae - Rhomboids
76
What are the muscles of the Urogenital Diaphragm?
- deep transvere perineal muscle - external urethral sphincter
77
What are the posterior lower leg muscles?
- "calf" muscles - Superficial - triceps surae (Gastrocnemius & Soleus) - Deep - Popliteus, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallicus longus, tibialis posterior
78
What are the Posterior muscles crossing the Elbow Joint?
- Triceps brachii - Anconeus
79
What are the rotator cuff muscles?
- Supraspinatus - Infraspinatus - Teres minor - Subscapularis
80
What are the Superficial Anterior Forearm Muscles?
- pronator teres - flexor carpir radialis - palmaris longus - flexor carpi ulnaris - flexor digitorum superficialis
81
What are the Superficial Posterior Forearm Muscles?
- extensor carpi radialis longus - extensor carpi radialis brevis - extensor digitorum - extensor digiti minimi - extensor carpi ulnaris
82
What do the Coracobrachialis & Teres Major do?
- Act as synergists for arm muscles
83
What is the Lever formula?
Effort x length of effort arm = Load x length of load arm (force x distance) = (resistance x distance)
84
What is the Origin of most Anterior Forearm muscles?
- Medial epicondyle of Humerus (MEH)
85
What muscles cause pronation?
- Pronator teres & pronator quadratus
86
What muscles make up the posterior group of thigh?
- hamstrings (biceps femoris, semitensinosus, semimembranosus)
87
What is the shoulder girdle/pectoral girdle?
- the set of bones (clavicle & scapula) which connects the arm to the appendicular skeleton

PHARM 110 (12 decks)

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