5. Nutrition

Question 1

What is the amount of energy to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water from 14.5 C to 15.5 C?

Answer 1

1 Calorie

Question 2

This fruit has fat content of 20% about 20 times the average of other fruits.

Answer 2

Avocado

Question 3

What is the term that refers to a person’s inabilty to taste?

Answer 3

Ageusia

Question 4

Long-term antibiotic therapy can lead to a deficiency of what vitamin?

Answer 4

Vitamin K

Question 5

What is the disease caused by the inability to digest phenylalanine?

Answer 5

Phenylketonuria

Question 6

What health benefit is attributable to oat bran?

Answer 6

Lowers the level of serum cholesterol

Question 7

Name the essential amino acids for humans.

Answer 7

Phe-Val-Thr-Trp-Lle-Met-His-Leu-Lys

Question 8

What it the protein involved in the immune response?

Answer 8

IgE

Question 9

what is the definition of essential amino acids?

Answer 9

amino acids that cannot be synthesized by the body and must be present in the diet

Question 10

what is the amount of heat required to raise the temp of one gram of water one degree Celsius?

Answer 10

Calorie

Question 11

what is the unit commonly used in expressing energy values of foods?

Answer 11

Kilocalorie

Question 12

what are the fat-soluble vitamins?

Answer 12

A-D-E-K

Question 13

what are the water-soluble vitamins?

Answer 13

B vitamins + vitamin C

Question 14

what are the 2 minerals that humans require the most?

Answer 14

Calcium & Phosphorus

Question 15

what are the chief deficiencies of Calcium and Phosphorus?

Answer 15

Bone and Teeth Disease

Question 16

what vitamin is formed in the skin of humans and animals by activation of sterols by UV light from the sun or by UV activation of sterols artificially?

Answer 16

Vitamin D

Question 17

Vitamin D increases _____and______from the intestinal tract and is necessary for their efficient utilization.

Answer 17

Calcium & Phosphorus

Question 18

what are good sources of Vitamin D?

Answer 18

Fish oil/liver/dairy products/eggs

Question 19

What vitamin is essential for normal blood clotting?

Answer 19

Vitamin K

Question 20

what are the good sources of the Vitamin B complex?

Answer 20

yeast/liver/bran of cereal grains

Question 21

what is another name for Vitamin E?

Answer 21

Tocopherol

Question 22

What are good sources of Vitamin K?

Answer 22

green vegetables such as spinach and cabbage

Question 23

what is the disease caused by a deficiency of thiamin and is common where polished rice is a major dietary item?

Answer 23

Beriberi

Question 24

What vitamin is a strong antioxidant and probably functions as such in human metabolism?

Answer 24

Vitamin E

Question 25

What common food preservative chemical destroys the vitamin activity and should not be used to preserve foods that are major sources of thiamin?

Answer 25

Sulfur Dioxide

Question 26

What is the sum of the processes involved in taking in food nutrients and assimilating and using them to maintain body tissue and provide nutrition a foundation for life and health?

Answer 26

Nutrition

Question 27

what is a blood condition characterized by a decreased number of circulating RBCs/hemoglobin/or both?

Answer 27

Anemia

Question 28

what are the small protrusions from the surface of a membrane: finger-like projections covering mucosal surfaces of the small intestine?

Answer 28

Villi

Question 29

what is the class of compounds of low molecular weight that yield two or more amino acids on hydrolysis?

Answer 29

peptide

Question 30

what is the sum of all the various biochemical and physiologic processes by which the body grows and maintains itself (anabolism) and breaks down and reshapes tissue (catabolism)?

Answer 30

Metabolism

Question 31

Lecithins are structurally like fats but contain what?

Answer 31

phosphoric acid

Question 32

what are the biological catalysts that promote a wide variety of biochemical reactions?

Answer 32

enzymes

Question 33

what enzyme is found in saliva promotes digestion or breakdown of starch in the mouth?

Answer 33

amylase

Question 34

what enzyme is found in gastric juice promotes digestion of protein?

Answer 34

Pepsin

Question 35

what enzyme is found in liver that promotes breakdown of fats?

Answer 35

Lipase

Question 36

what is the Recommended Daily Allowance for thiamin (depends on age and gender)?

Answer 36

1-1.5 mg/day

Question 37

What is amino acid score (uncorrected)

Answer 37

The ratio of mg of amino acids in 1g of test protein to the mg of amino acid in 1g of reference protein.

Question 38

name the disease resulting from copper toxicity?

Answer 38

Wilson's disease (inborn err of metabolism)

Question 39

a traditional mediterranean dish is hummus and tahini. What is the major nutritional benefit from this dish?

Answer 39

it has a complete amino acid profile

Question 40

what is the name given to zinc deficiency?

Answer 40

there is no named deficiency for zinc

Question 41

about what % zinc is absorbed from a meal?

Answer 41

~25% absorbed; this is not very efficient

Question 42

On what proteins are zinc transported in the plasma?

Answer 42

66% bound/carried by albumin - 33% carried by alpha-2-macroglobulin

Question 43

Wilson's Disease involves which mineral?

Answer 43

copper

Question 44

what is the common name of hexaphosphate inositol and what does this compound do?

Answer 44

phytic acid: it chelates minerals

Question 45

what foods are good sources of zinc?

Answer 45

oysters (best). Also meat/eggs/dairy/legumes

Question 46

according to the NLEA only 11 health claims will be allowed on food labels. Name 5

Answer 46

Calcium and osteoporosis/Folate and neural tube defects/Sodium and hypertension/Dietary fat and cancer/Dietary saturated fat and cholesterol and coronary heart disease/Soy intake and cancer/Fruits and vegetables and cancer

Question 47

what are the symptoms of zinc deficiency?

Answer 47

neuropsychiatric symptoms (irritability/depression/lethargy/sleepiness/slurred speech/tremors) - keratinization of the eye - dermatitis (around orifices) - Diarrhea

Question 48

name 3 metalloenzymes that zinc is a part of.

Answer 48

Alcohol dehydrogenase - aminopeptidase - carboxypeptidase - collagenase

Question 49

How do lactose intolerance and milk allergy differ?

Answer 49

lactose intolerance results from a lack of lactase - milk allergy is an autoimmune response to milk protein

Question 50

what is the common name for vitamin B3?

Answer 50

Niacin

Question 51

what does the acronym PDCAAS stand for?

Answer 51

Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score (compares the amino acid content of a protein w/human amino acid requirement and corrects for digestibility)

Question 52

Vitamin B-12 deficiency anemia caused by a lack of intrinsic factor is called

Answer 52

pernicious anemia

Question 53

According to the american dietetic association what is the recommended daily intake of dietary fiber?

Answer 53

20-35g

Question 54

Compare and contrast the difference between Visceral adipose tissue and Subcutaneous adipose tissue

Answer 54

Similarity: Energy storage as fat Difference: V is in abdominal cavity with a high risk for NIDDM while S is under skin and thereby lower risk

Question 55

Arachidonic acid is synthesized from?

Answer 55

Linoleic acid

Question 56

what form is vitamin B6 form in supplements

Answer 56

pyridoxine

Question 57

Name the following amino acids: Asn - Gln - Ile .

Answer 57

Aspargine-Glutamine-Isoleucine

Question 58

What does FOD MAP stand for?

Answer 58

Fermentable oligo- di- mono- saccharides and polyols

Question 59

What is the fruit with tha highest protein and oil content?

Answer 59

Avocado

Question 60

What is another name for cobalamin vitamin?

Answer 60

Vitamin B12

Question 61

What is the name of a food where the content of an essential micronutrient or mineral in a food irrespective of whether the nutrients were originally in the food before processing is deliberately increased to improve the nutritional quality of the food supply?

Answer 61

Functional Foods

Question 62

Allergens in Canada/Europe that are not part of the top 8 US allergens

Answer 62

Sesame/Sulphite/Mustard/Celery (only in Europe)